Studie Milady Jonášové se zabývá využitím jmenované kantáty italského hudebního skladatele Benedetta Marcella operním impresáriem Antoniem Denziem v pasticciu "Sansone", provedeným v roce 1729 na scéně pražského divadla v paláci hraběte Františka Antonína Sporcka., Milada Jonášová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 51, anglický abstrakt na s. 5.
Studie Marie Škarpové se zabývá literárními prameny a okruhy duchovních písní, které byly inspirací pro repertoár kancionálu "Jesličky, staré a nové písničky", jehož autorem byl přední český barokní básník a duchovní Fridrich Bridelius., This study deals with that portion of the repertoire of the Czech Advent and Christmas songbook Jesličky (Prague, 1658) by Fridrich Bridelius, which newly appeared in Czech hymnography thanks to this song book, and it summarizes the various results of the search for textual sources from other languages for these “new” songs in Jesličky. It points out their ties to contemporary German written hymnography (of both German and Bohemian provenience) and to Latin hymnography, i.e. to contemporary Latin songs. The text is thus not only a contribution towards discovering the ways that Czech hymnographers of the 17th century became familiar with the new, i.e. baroque, poetic language, but also, above all, an attempt to stimulate further hymnological research on baroque hymnographic works in the early modern history of Central Europe and the interconnections and relationships between them., Marie Škarpová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 397, anglický abstrakt na s. 377.
Klíšťata sají obrovské množství krve, která je jejich jediným zdrojem živin a energie. Přesný enzymatický mechanismus zpracování krve ve střevě klíšťat však kupodivu nebyl donedávna vůbec znám. Náš komplexní molekulární model trávení hostitelského hemoglobinu u klíštěte obecného (Ixodes ricinus) poprvé odhalil analogii enzymatického aparátu s krevsajícími ploštěnci a hlísticemi, a zároveň tato znalost představuje zásadní poznatek pro účinný boj s klíšťaty a jimi přenášenými patogeny., Ticks (in this case Ixodidae and Argasidae) feed on enormous amounts of host blood, which provides their ultimate source of energy and nutrients. There has been only limited evidence on the exact molecular mechanisms of blood digestion in ticks. For the first time, our complex enzymatic model of proteolytic digestion in the Common Tick (Ixodes ricinus) reveals the analogy of tick intestinal proteolysis with bloodfeeding platyhelminthes and nematodes and presents a future application potential in tick or tick-borne pathogen interventions., and Daniel Sojka.
V sídle Stálého zastoupení České republiky při EU se 28. května 2015 uskutečnila akce k příležitosti desetiletého výročí působení České styčné kanceláře pro výzkum, vývoj a inovace v Bruselu. Setkání doprovodila výstava předmětů z Pevnosti poznání, interaktivního muzea vědy Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci. and Kateřina Slavíková.
Nedílnou součást meteorologického a klimatologického výzkumu představují pozorování a měření stavu atmosféry. Příroda je jedna velká laboratoř, v níž se neustále dějí experimenty - ale zatímco lze ve standardních laboratořích experimenty připravovat a opakovat, příroda nic neopakuje a nezměřená data již nelze znovu získat. and Zbyněk Sokol.
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of acidicr egulatory molecules found in all eukaryotes. 14-3-3 proteins function as molecular scaffolds by modulating the conformation of their binding partners. Through the functional modulation of a wide range of binding partners, 14-3-3 proteins are involved in many processes including cell cycle regulation, metabolism control, apoptosis, and control of gene transcription. This minireview includes a short overview of 14-3-3 proteins and then focuses on their role in the regulation of two important binding partners: FOXO forkhead transcription factors and an enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase., V. Obšilová, J. Šilhan, E. Bouřa, J. Teisinger, T. Obšil., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Speleothems in 6 sandstone caves in the Bohemian Paradise (Český ráj) were dated by means of 14C and U-series methods. Stable isotopes of C and O, FAAS, IR, XRD, XRF and SEM were used to characterize the carbonate material and its source. Stable isotopes (C and O) composition of speleothems in two caves corresponds to values characteristic for cave speleothems in Central Europe. In other caves they indicate evaporation and fast carbon dioxide escape during carbonate precipitation. The speleothems from the Krtola Cave were deposited between 8 and 13 kyr BP. Speleothems were deposited 5-8 kyr BP in the Sintrová, Mrtvé Údolí and U Studánky caves. Calcite coatings on smooth sandstone surfaces in studied caves demonstrate that cave walls did not retreat even a few mm in the last 5-8 kyr since speleothem deposition and are thus not evolving under recent climatic conditions. Most of the cave ceilings and walls are at present time indurated by hardened surfaces, which protect the sandstone from erosion. Sandstone caves probably intensively evolved either during or at the end of the Last Glacial period. There are two different erosion mechanisms which might have formed/reshaped the caves at that time: A) In the case of permafrost conditions: Repeated freeze/melt cycles affecting sandstone pore space followed by the transport of fallen sand grains by minor temporary trickles. We expect that heat was transmitted by air circulating between the cave and the surface; B) Seepage erosion of sandstone during the melting of permafrost, prior forming of case hardening., Jiří Bruthans, Jana Schweigstillová, Petr Jenč, Zdeňka Churáčková and Petr Bezdička., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Our own study as well as others have previously reported that hypoxia activates 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) in the brain, causing a series of chain reactions, which exacerbates ischemic stroke. 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 15-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid (15-oxo-ETE/15-KETE) are 15-LO-specific metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA). 15-HETE was found to be rapidly converted into 15-oxo-ETE by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) in some circumstances. We have demonstrated that 15-HETE promotes cerebral vasoconstriction during hypoxia. However, the effect of 15-oxo-ETE upon the contraction of cerebral vasculature remains unclear. To investigate this effect and to clarify the underlying mechanism, we performed immunohistochemistry and Western blot to test the expression of 15-PGDH in rat cerebral tissue, examined internal carotid artery (ICA) tension in isolated rat ICA rings. Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the expression of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels (Kv2.1, Kv1.5, and Kv1.1) in cultured cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). The results showed that the levels of 15-PGDH expression were drastically elevated in the cerebral of rats with hypoxia, and 15-oxo-ETE enhanced ICA contraction in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was more significant in the hypoxic rats than in the normoxic rats. We also found that 15-oxo-ETE significantly attenuated the expression of Kv2.1 and Kv1.5, but not Kv1.1. In conclusion, these results suggest that 15-oxo-ETE leads to the contraction of the ICA, especially under hypoxic conditions and that specific Kv channels may play an important role in 15-oxo- ETE-induced ICA constriction., Di Wang, Yu Liu, Ping Lu, Daling Zhu, Yulan Zhu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Velvet Revolution was a non-violent uprising in Czechoslovakia that saw the overthrow of the Communist government. On November 17, 1989, police suppressed a peaceful student demonstration in Prague. Among the protesters were many young employees of Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Based on the November events, civil forums were created at worksplaces. In consequences of the political evolvement, some of the compromised directors from institutes left their positions and during the following six months all directors had to be evaluated. Scientific committies began to form. On November 6, 1989, the entire presidium of ČSAV resigned and December 12, the Chamber of elected representatives of ČSAV was established. This organ became a carrier of fundamental changes, for example the first Czech science foundation was set up and proposals for evaluation of the institutes formed. The new organization structures of Academy were created. and Antonín Kostlán.
The UN General Assembly has declared 2015 the International Year of Soils to raise awareness of the vital importance of soil, which is essential not only for food security and for cultivating plants for feed, fibre, fuel and medicinal products, but also for maintaining biodiversity as it hosts countless organisms. It plays a key role in storing and filtering water, in carbon and other nutrients cycling and performs other irreplaceable ecosystem functions. The Institute of Soil Biology of the CAS Biology Centre carries out biological research into many of those functions of soil in both natural and human–affected environments, including studies of the soil microstructure, soil organism communities and their dynamics and interactions and so on. Researchers at the Institute of Soil Biology focus, among other things, on the contribution of soil fungi to nitrous oxide emissions and on the production of methane. The latter is a potent greenhouse gas and a substantial part of atmospheric methane is produced by anaerobic microorganisms called Archaea found in the soil and in animal digestive tracts, while soil is also a significant methane sink. Research is also being concentrated on the characterization and risk assessment of antibiotic resistance-reservoirs in soil, which is connected with the massive use of antibiotics in the past five decades. Scientists examine ways of preventing the antibiotic resistance spreading in the environment through food chains as well as and on the role played by the soil microflora in those processes, as Doctor Dana Elhottová explains in the corresponding article. and Jana Olivová.
Podyjí National Park is one of the hotspots of fungal diversity in the Czech Republic (so far we know about 1400 species from this area). The main reasons for this fact (well-preserved natural habitats, habitat and geological diversity) are introduced and briefly discussed in the article. high fungal diversity is documented based on several examples of rare or endangered species, which are typical for some of the local habitats and characterize the range of ecological conditions in the studied area. and Jan Běťák.
Since 2011, a unique project studying the effect of artificial canopy opening (Small-size clearings) on biodiversity in lowland forests has been carried out in the Podyjí NP. The response of communities of butterflies, moths, epigeic, floricolous and saproxylic beetles, birds, reptiles, and vascular plants was observed for three years. The results showed a positive effect of early stages in forest succession not only for the majority of groups studied, but also for many threatened species, and also demonstrated the importance of open forest remnants for biodiversity. In protected forests at low and middle elevations, conservation management should attempt to maintain a mosaic of forest at different stages of succession. and Pavel Šebek a kolektiv autorů.
The moths belong to the best-studied groups of insects in the Podyjí NP. In total, 2250 species of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) have hitherto been recorded here. Many species are closely associated with rocky steppe and heeathland, the most valuable natural habitats in this terriotory. Concurrently, the Podyjí NP is located on the western distribution border of many eastern and southern species. On the other hand, a total of 13 species of butterflies and moths have now become extinct here. and Jan Šumpich, Jan Liška, Zdeněk Laštůvka.
The main objective of the management of woodland in the Podyjí National Park (NP) is to allow natural processes and support biodiversity. How the woodland has changed since designation of the NP is illustrated by changes in selected parameters (tree species composition, proportion of dead wood etc.). Some active measures to support woodland biodiversity are also presented in the paper. and Jaroslav Ponikelský a kolektiv spoluautorů.
The Podyjí NP has very diverse vegetation which results in the occurrence of rich butterfly communities. To date, 142 species of butterflies have been recordeed in this area, of which 19 species (13 %) are considered regionally extinct and three species (2 %) are only migrants, not native to the Czech fauna. The main cause of the decline in butterflies is the abandonment of traditional techniques of habitat management. To conserve and support butterfly diversity, the NP authority practices a wide range of management measures. and Milan Švestka.
The creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was the culmination of the long struggle of the Czechs against their Austrian rulers and of the Slovaks against their Hungarian rulers. At the outbreak of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks showed little enthusiasm for fighting for their respective enemies, the Germans and the Hungarians, against fellow Slavs, the Russians and the Serbs. In 1916, together with Edvard Beneš and MIlan Rastislav Štefánik, Masaryk created the Czechoslovak National Council. In early October 1918, Germany and Austria proposed peace negotiations. On October 28, the National Committee issued a declaration of Czechoslovak independence. and Ivan Šedivý.
Cílem výzkumu bylo ověřit vztahy mezi výkonovou orientací a sebeznevýhodňováním. Výzkumný soubor sestával z 355 studentů Sakarya University v Turecku. 201 z nich byly ženy, 154 muži a průměrný věk byl 20,2 roku. Škála 2X2 výkonové orientace a škála sebeznevýhodňování byly použity jako míry. Vztahy mezi výkonovou orientací a sebeznevýhodňováním byly zkoumány pomocí korelační analýzy a mnohonásobné regresní analýzy. Výsledky ukázaly, že sebeznevýhodňování korelovalo pozitivně s cíli vyhýbat se učení a vyhýbat se výkonovým situacím a negativně s cíli přikročit k učení a přikročit k výkonovým situacím. Podle výsledků regresní analýzy bylo sebeznevýhodňování predikováno cíli vyhýbat se učení a vyhýbat se výkonovým situacím. Dále se ukázalo, že cíle přikročit k učení a přikročit k výkonovým situacím predikovaly sebeznevýhodňování negativně. Cíle přikročit k učení/vyhýbat se učení a přikročit k výkonovým situacím/vyhýbat se výkonovým situacím vysvětlily 69 % rozptylu sebeznevýhodňování., The aim of this research was to examine the relationships between achievement goal orientations and self-handicapping. The sample of study consists of 355 university students from Sakarya University, Turkey. 201 participants were female and 154 were male, the mean age was 20.2. The 2X2 Achievement Goal Orientations Scale and the Self-handicapping Scale were used as measures. The relationships between achievement goal orientations and self-handicapping were examined using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that self-handicapping correlated positively with learning-avoidance and performance-avoidance goals and negatively with learning-approach and performance-approach goals. According to regression results, self-handicapping was predicted positively by learning-avoidance and performance-avoidance goals. Further learning- approach and performance-approach goals predicted self-handicapping in a negative way. Learning-approach/avoidance and performanceapproach/ avoidance goals have explained 69% of the variance in self-handicapping. The results should not be generalized either to all university students or to other student population. Secondly, as correlational statistics were utilized, no definitive statements can be made about causality. And last, the data are self-reported., Ümran Akin., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Quaternary faulting in the western part of the Gulf of Corinth has been evidenced by geology and geomorphology, as well as by seismic recording. A series of three main normal fault segments are aligned in a steep southern coastal zone of the gulf. These fault segments, 15 to 25 km long, have an average strike of 90° - 105° and a northward dip of about 50° - 75°. Selected fault points were equipped with 3-D crack gauges TM71 during 2002 to monitor movements along the fault planes here, as well as on another fault cutting through the small island of Trizonia near the opposite northern shore of the gulf. Results of the monitoring present relative displacements induced by active tectonic movement s. Generally, the movements recorded on the faults are characteristic of an aseismic linear creep in vertical, i.e. upliftin g/subsiding in rates of mm per year due to uplifts of the Peloponnesian Peninsula. In 2003 a thr ee months long period of fast acceleration of movements was recorded. During this acceleration phase displacements changed to skew uplifting/subsiding with a left-lateral horizontal component. Moreover, horizontal rotation of monitored blocks corresponding to a sy stematic westwards opening of the Gulf was observed with only single eastward opening episodes., Josef Stemberk and Blahoslav Košťák., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
During routine processing of selected events of an active KTB experiment it has appeared doubts concerning data reliability and consequently the reliability of results based on them. In the paper 3 events are studied in detail, full seismic moment tensors, as well as their errors, are determined (by non-linear inversion of P/SH waves ratios). It is shown that for the processed low constrained data moment tensor (MT) can be determined, however the relative error is of order of first tens of percent; the results also considerably depend on the way of data picking, used medium model, way of Cost function construction, etc. Any subsequent geophysical interpretation therefore should takes into account this uncertainty. MTs are finally decomposed into DC and non-DC parts, MTs errors are also transformed., Petr Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The present paper concerns long-term 3D monitoring of active fault structures in the Krupnik-Kresna seismic zone, SW Bulgaria with the use of extensometers TM71. The purpose is to establish the real rates of fault movements in the most seismically active area in Bulgaria. Three points were installed (B6 on Krupnik Fault, and K5 and K12 on Struma Fault), which indicate a recent activity. The fault movements are characteristic with “calm” periods, linear slips, accelerations and sudden displacements. Different regimes of dynamics have been established corresponding to different periods. The greatest dynamics is found at monitoring point B6 along Krupnik Fault: for the whole period of observation the trends are calculated as left lateral slip with 1.88 mm/a and a thrusting with 1.59 mm/a with high correlation coefficients. Co-seismic displacements from local and distant earthquakes were recorded. The significant impact was from M=7.4, 17 August, 1999, Izmit Earthquake, Turkey, showing a shortening of 8.34 mm, a right-lateral slip of 5.09 mm and a thrusting of 0.96 mm. After that, for a short period of time the regime of movement on fault was changed. Movements on the Struma system reveal lower rates. Both points show left-lateral movements, 0.28 mm/a at K5 and 0.09 mm/a at K12, and thrusting with 0.11 mm/a at K5 and 0.72 mm/a at K12., Nikolai Dobrev., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The present paper shows the results of 3D monitoring with the use of extensomet ers TM71 performed in Bulgaria in the framework of COST Action 625. This research was performed in selected areas: Simitli graben that is the most seismoactive area in Bulgaria; Madara plat eau - rock scarp with historical monument affe cted by rock toppling; East Rhodopes area - a possibly active fault zone and a large landslide. The most impressive results were established at Simitli graben area with the rate of 2.73 mm/year sinistral movement of Krupnik Fault. Local earthquakes located at NE part of the graben usually influence the movements along this fault. An acceleration of the left latera l movements during calm periods has been established, and respectively, the movements stop (or going in opposite direction) during seismic activity. At Madara site, the results from the 15 years monitoring show subsidence of rock s lices by 0.9 mm per year and si milar rate movement of the slices to South direction. Influence from Izmit earthquake, Vrancea earthquakes and local ones have been established. The monitoring of the fault at General Geshe vo Village, East Rhodopean area started in 2003. The first results show mainly gravitational movements - subsidence of NE block 1.5 mm/year., Nikolai Dobrev and Elka Avramova-Tacheva., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The paper presents the results of geodyn amic research in the fram e of the project COST 625 relating to active tectonic structures’ monitoring on the selected areas in Poland, Italy and Greece. Research was realised using a self-developed control and measurement system. The resu lts of researches for period 2000-2006 indi cate slight movements of observatio n points in the Sudety Mts. reaching several millimetres. However, the results confirm recent mobility of tectonic structures o f this area. Research realised in the Mediterranean Region objects - Gargano, Norcia (Italy) and Kaparelli (Greece) - indicate movements of observation points reaching over a dozen millimetres, particularly on the Gargano area. Continuation of cyclic control measurements on these objects is fully justified ., Stefan Cacoń, Bernard Kontny and Jarosław Bosy., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Příspěvek Petry Kolátorové je věnován mezinárodní muzikologické konferenci, která se uskutečnila v německém Bonnu ve dnech 27. až 29. srpna 2012., Petra Kolátorová., Rubrika: Konference, and Cizojazyčné resumé není.
The Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics is focused on research connected with both natural rocks and rock environment on the Earth´s crust, as well as with artificially produced geomaterials, celebrates its 50th anniversary this year. and Zuzana Weishauptová.
Zpráva Lenky Hlávkové se zabývá padesátým ročníkem mezinárodního muzikologického kolokvia, které se uskutečnilo na Filozofické fakultě Masarykovy university v Brně ve dnech 12. až 14. října 2015., Lenka Hlávková., Rubrika: Konference, and Cizojazyčné resumé není.
The largest international research centre for particle physics, the construction of which the Czech scientific community played a very important role, is celebrating the 60th year since its foundation in September 1954. It operates the 17-mile long Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the largest accelerator in the world. Its official name is the “European Organization for Nuclear Research”, but it is known internationally known by the acronym CERN (from the French, Conseil Européen pour la recherche nucléaire). A noteworthy interactive exhibition took place at ASCR headquarters from September 2 to October 12, 2014 was open to the public without charge. In an “interactive tunnel,” ASCR President Prof. Jiří Drahoš opened the exhibition with a ceremonial “kick-off of the protons.” CERN is the prototype of programmes for European cooperation through which a number of European projects have been built,” Professor Drahoš said. He cited the Czech scientific community for its involvement in experimental and scientific work there. Membership in CERN is important for the Czech Republic not only in terms of participation in top experiments, but significantly in providing young scientists and engineers an invaluable opportunity to expand their knowledge and skills for application in their nations. This issue of Academic bulletin features an interview with dr. Daniel Krasnický from CERN and Universitá di Genova and interview with dr. Jan Blaha from Stanford University who cooperates with CERN. and Jiří Chýla.
The 700th birth anniversary of King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV has been designated as one of UNESCO´s important world anniversaries for 2016-2017. The Czech Academy of Sciences recreates the period of Charles IV at the exhibiton entitled Seven Towers. Charles IV through the eyes of academics (1316-2016) at the Science and Art Gallery. The visitors have an oppportunity to see the unique gold ducats with a picture of Charles IV. For this first time the most valuable archaeological discoveries of glass goblets are exhibited. Everyday items used by residents of the medieval city are also on display. The exhibition also shows a rare treasure of coins, which was hidden in the Emmaus monastery about 1370, as well as copies of the Constitutive Act of the Charles University, Charles´s Code Maiestas Carolina or late-medieval transcript of Charles´ Golden Bull. Personality of Charles IV is documented by commemorative coins, medals and seals bearing his image. Part of the exhibition is also a faithful copy of the statue of Charles IV from the Old Town Bridge Tower, the last sculptural portrait of the monarch before his death. and Marina Hužvárová.
Modified coal tar pitch was prepared by Friedel-Crafts reaction with 9,10-bis(chloromethyl)anthracene (BCMA). With the aid of IR and Raman’s spectroscopy it was found that BCMA reacted completely with aromatic components of pitch. This modification leads to a significant increase of the carbonisation residue of coal tar pitch without the structure of carbonisate being greatly affected., Jaroslava Svítilová, Vladimír Machovič and František Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Reactive hyperemia (RH) in forearm muscle or skin microcirculation has been considered as a surrogate endpoint in clinical studies of cardiovascular disea e. We evaluated two potential confounders that might limit such use of RH, namely laterality of measurement and intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Twenty-three young non-smoking healthy adults were enrolled. In Experiment 1 (n=16), the RH elicited by 3 min of ischemia was recorded in the muscle (strain gauge plethysmography, hand excluded) and skin (laser Doppler imaging) of both forearms. In Experiment 2 (n=7), RH was determined in the dominant forearm only, one hour following oral acetylsalicylic acid (1 g) or placebo. In Experiment 1, peak RH was identical in both forearms, and so were the corresponding durations of responses. RH lasted significantly less in muscle than in skin (p=0.003), a hitherto unrecognized fact. In the skin, acetylsalicylate reduced duration (43 vs. 57.4 s for placebo, p=0.03), without affecting the peak response. In muscle, duration tended to decrease with acetylsalicylate (21.4 vs. 26.0 s with placebo, p=0.06) and the peak increase in blood flow was blunted (27.2 vs. 32.4 ml/min/100 ml tissue with placebo, p=0.003). We conclude that, when using RH as a surrogate endpoint in studies of cardiovascular disease, a confounding by laterality of measurement need not be feared, but NSAIDS may have an influence, although perhaps not on the peak response in the skin., G. Addor, A. Delachaux, B. Dischl, D. Hayoz, L. Liaudet, B. Waeber, F. Feihl., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
This paper pursues the effect of changes in distance and vibration frequency on the vibration velocity amplitude. As an example, we used the vibrating sheet piles at the cons truction of a new multi-functional FEI building on the premises of VŠB - TU Ostrava, at 17 listopadu street. The effect of these changes is monitored both in in-situ measurements and in a simulated real-life situation. The calculation software Plaxis 2D is used for creation of numer ical models. At the close, the results from in-situ measurements are confronted with those achieved from the models., Tomáš Petřík, Eva Hrubešová and Markéta Lednická., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
To determine whether PHEMA [poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate)] is suitable for portal vein embolization in patients scheduled to right hepatectomy and whether it is as effective as the currently used agent (a histoacryl/lipiodol mixture). Two groups of nine patients each scheduled for extended right hepatectomy for primary or secondary hepatic tumor, had right portal vein embolization in an effort to induce future liver remnant (FLR) hypertrophy. One group had embolization with PHEMA, the other one with the histoacryl/lipiodol mixture. In all patients, embolization was performed using the right retrograde transhepatic access. Embolization was technically successful in all 18 patients, with no complication related to the embolization agent. Eight patients of either group developed FLR hypertrophy allowing extended right hepatectomy. Likewise, one patient in each group had recanalization of a portal vein branch. Hist ology showed that both embolization agents reach the periphery of portal vein branches, with PHEMA penetrating somewhat deeper into the periphery. PHEMA has been shown to be an agent suitable for embolization in the portal venous system comparable with existing embolization agent (histoacryl/lipiodol mixture)., J. H. Peregrin, R. Janoušek, D. Kautznerová, M. Oliverius, E. Sticová, M. Přádný, J. Michálek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of troglitazone (TRO) - a new insulin-sensitizing agent - on some metabolic parameters in an experimental model of hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats, and to compare its effects with those of vitamin E, an antioxidant agent. Three groups of the above rats were fed diets with a high content of sucrose (70 % of energy as sucrose) for four weeks. The first group was supplemented with TRO (120 mg/kg diet), the second one with vitamin E (500 mg/kg diet), and the third group served as the control. Vitamin E supplementation did not lower serum triglycerides (2.42±0.41 vs. 3.39±0.37 mmol/l, N.S.) while TRO did (1.87±0.24 vs. 3.39±0.37 mmol/l, p<0.01). Neither TRO nor vitamin E influenced the serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA). Both drugs influenced the spectrum of fatty acids in serum phospholipids - TRO increased the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-6 (36.04±1.61 vs. 19.65±1.56 mol %, p<0.001), vitamin E increased the levels of PUFA n-3 (13.30±0.87 vs. 6.79±0.87 mol %, p<0.001) and decreased the levels of saturated fatty acids (32.97±0.58 vs. 51.45±4.01 mol %, p<0.01). In conclusion, TRO lowered the level of serum triglycerides but vitamin E did not have this effect in hypertriglyceridemic rats. Compared with TRO, vitamin E had a different effect on the spectrum of fatty acids in serum phospholipids., Š. Chvojková, L. Kazdová, J. Divišová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The correlation between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and the spectrum component at a frequency of 0.1 Hz of pulse intervals (PI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was studied. SBP and PI of 51 subjects were recorded beat-to-beat at rest (3 min), during exercise (0.5 W/kg of body weight, 9 min), and at rest (6 min) after exercise. BRS was determined by a spectral method (a modified alpha index technique). The subjects were divided into groups according to the spectral amplitude of SBP at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. The following limits of amplitude (in mm Hg) were used: very high ≥ 5.4 (VH); high 5.4 > H ≥ 3 (H); medium 3 > M ≥ 2 (M), low < 2 (L). We analyzed the relationships between 0.1 Hz variability in PI and BRS at rest, during the exercise and during recovery in subgroups VH, H, M, L. The 0.1 Hz variability of PI increased significantly with increasing BRS in each of the groups with identical 0.1 Hz variability in SBP. This relationship was shifted to the lower values of PI variability at the same BRS with a decrease in SBP variability. The primary SBP variability increased during exercise. The interrelationship between the variability of SBP, PI and BRS was identical at rest and during exercise. A causal interrelationship between the 0.1 Hz variability of SBP and PI, and BRS was shown. During exercise, the increasing primary variability in SBP due to sympathetic activation was present, but it did not change the relationship between variability in pulse intervals and BRS., N. Honzíková, A. Krtička, Z. Nováková, E. Závodná., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The absolute gravity measurements are an important tool for reliable monitoring geodynamic phenomena. Based on the experience with the absolute gravimeter FG5#215 (gravimeter of the Center for Earth Dynamics Research), the accuracy of FG5 absolute gravimeters is presented in this study. The instrumental reproducibility of this meter is characterized by the value of 0.7 μGal. Discussed are important environmental effects on gravity measurements, such as atmospheric and hydrological effects, understanding of which is necessary for correct and reliable interpretation of the repeated absolute gravity measurements in geodynamics., Vojtech Pálinkáš, Jakub Kostelecký and Jaroslav Šimek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In Czech and Polish underground hard coal mines of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin high-energy seismic phenomena are periodically recorded, the sources of which are located ahead of the longwall. Generally, these types of tremors are rooted in very strong, thick layers of sandstone, which are subject to the deformation border. The consequences are discontinuities and cracks with a range depending on the mechanical properties of destroyed rocks: the mechanical parameters of layers. Forecasting methods, developed in the Central Mining Institute, for stress concentration, seismic energy, fault zone and range, together with methods of rock fracturing using liquid or explosives, ,allow precise identification of suitable locations for controlled fracturing of rock mass with a pre-established direction. The size and range of discontinuities have an impact on mining parameters, dependent on basic exploitation intensity and expressed by the average daily progress of the longwall face. The rockmass is locally weakened because of exploitation or technical measures of discontinuities in the roof-rock on the longwall face. To prevent rockburst, measures are needed to reduce the amount of energy accumulating in the rockmass in the area of the longwall face. Knowledge of where stress is concentrated is extremely important for the development and implementation of effective preventative methods. For many years several research centres have been working on defining the range of these areas. In this paper, basic information is presented on methods developed by Central Mining Institute and used in Polish hard coal mines for forecasting energy concentration and assessing how it can be reduced., Jan Drzewiecki and Janusz Makówka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Uric acid is the final product of human purine metabolism. It was pointed out that this compound acts as an antioxidant and is able to react with reactive oxygen species forming allantoin. Therefore, the measurement of allantoin levels may be used for the determination of oxidative stress in humans. The aim of the study was to clarify the antioxidant effect of uric acid during intense exercise. Whole blood samples were obtained from a group of healthy subjects. Allantoin, uric acid, and malondialdehyde levels in plasma and erythrocytes were measured using a HPLC with UV/Vis detection. Statistical significant differences in allantoin and uric acid levels during short-term intense exercise were found. Immediately after intense exercise, the plasma allantoin levels increased on the average of 200 % in comparison to baseline. Plasma uric acid levels increased slowly, at an average of 20 %. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in plasma malondialdehyde. The results suggest that uric acid, important antioxidant, is probably oxidized by reactive oxygen species to allantoin. Therefore allantoin may be suitable candidate for a marker of acute oxidative stress., R. Kanďár, X. Štramová, P. Drábková, J. Křenková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Estimating the pre- failure points for rocks during laboratory testing is not a trivial task. In this study, a new approach is introduced that utilizes change in the slope of the load-deformation curves of rock in the loading cycle for marking the onset of failure point during uniaxial test of a given rock. At each step, load-deformation data footprints of the rock under test are inspected and a decision is made whether the failure has started or not. The load-deformation data obtained from different tests of different rocks are examined including; Norite, Granite, Limestone, Sandstone, Siltstone and Marble. The computational results over 154 cored rock samples show that the proposed approach locates the onset of failure point for a given rock with an acceptable degree of accuracy., Deniz Mamurekli., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A quantitatively new analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module has been developed during 2010, in co-operation with Tedia Ltd. The module has a 28-bit final resolution and uses 32-bit arithmetic. There are two versions, with four and twelve analog inputs. The 4-input module replaces the original 21-bit version, produced until 2009. The 12-input module is intended to be deployed in small-aperture seismic arrays. The whole set consists of four 3-channel detached modules that can be interconnected with the main module using a cable of up to 100 m in length. This design increases signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by placing the A/D part as close to the seismograph as possible in order to transmit digital data for storage. All channels are sampled coherently so that all four sensors are automatically synchronised. It allows the detection of local events even though the sync-signal is absent. In other words, the 12-input module is suitable for ad-hoc field measurements even in places where there is no GPS signal. All arrays operated by the Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics (IRSM) are going to be upgraded to use these modules and some new sites will also be set-up with this innovative equipment (e.g. Lazy in Western Bohemia and Dobrá Voda in Slovakia)., Milan Brož and Jaroslav Štrunc., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The presented technological procedure makes it possible to assemble large magnetic blocks from permanent magnets with a high value of maximum energy product in such a way that the individual magnets or magnetic plates are moved toward each other at a controlled speed in the direction perpendicular to the future common contact surface of these magnets, i.e. parallel to the induction lines crossing this contact surface. Unlike in the previously used way of assembling the blocks, it is thus possible to eliminate the influence of partial demagnetization as the blocks are being assembled and consequently to reach higher values of magnetic induction in the air gap of the magnetic circuit. When applying the new method of assembling the blocks for instance in circuits of magnetic filters for the purification of ceramic suspensions, a prerequisite for the further improvement of the technological parameters of filtration is thus created., Václav Žežulka and Pavel Straka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The aim of the present work was to study the effect of 3- mercapto-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indole-5-acetic acid (CMTI), an efficient aldose reductase inhibitor, on sorbitol accumulation in selected organs of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in vivo . In addition, the effect of CMTI on aldose reductase back reaction and on sorbitol dehydrogenase was determined. The model of experimental diabetes in male Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin was used. Experimental diabetes was induced by triple intraperitoneal doses of streptozotocin on three consecutive days. In diabetic rats, significant elevation of sorbitol concentration in the sciatic nerve and eye lenses was recorded. CMTI administered intragastrically (50 mg/kg/day) for five consecutive days significantly inhibited sorbitol accumulation in the sciatic nerve, yet it was without effect in eye lenses of diabetic animals. For aldose reductase back reaction, the substrate affinity of glycerol to aldose reductase was one order lower than that of glyceraldehyde in forward reaction. In addition, the back reaction was much slower, characterized by Vmax value of about 30 times lower than that of the forward reaction. Inhibition of aldose reductase by CMTI was characterized by closely related IC50 values in submicromolar range for both forward and back reactions. No significant inhibition of the second enzyme of the polyol pathway, sorbitol dehydrogenase, by 100 μM CMTI was recorded (I=0.9±2.7 %, n=3). To conclude, the presented results showed the ability of CMTI to affect the polyol pathway in diabetic rats in vivo and represent thus a further step in a complex preclinical evaluation of CMTI as a potential agent for treatment of chronic diabetic complications., M. Soltesova Prnova, J. Ballekova, A. Gajdosikova, A. Gajdosik, M. Stefek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Chronic sojourn in hypoxic environment results in the structural remodeling of peripheral pulmonary arteries and pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesize that the pathogenesis of changes in pulmonary vascular structure is related to the increase of radical production induced by lung tissue hypoxia. Hypoxia primes alveolar macrophages to produce more hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the increased release of oxygen radicals by other hypoxic lung cells cannot be excluded. Several recent reports demonstrate the oxidant damage of lungs exposed to chronic hypoxia. The production of nitric oxide is high in animals with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and the serum concentration of nitrotyrosine (radical product of nitric oxide and superoxide interaction) is also increased in chronically hypoxic rats. Antioxidants were shown to be effective in the prevention of hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension. We suppose that the mechanism by which the radicals stimulate of the vascular remodeling is due to their effect on the metabolism of vascular wall matrix proteins. Non-enzymatic protein alterations and/or activation of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases may also participate. The presence of low-molecular weight cleavage products of matrix proteins stimulates the mesenchymal proliferation in the wall of distal pulmonary arteries. Thickened and less compliant peripheral pulmonary vasculature is then more resistant to the blood flow and the hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is developed., J. Herget, J. Wilhelm, J. Novotná, A. Eckhardt, R. Vytášek, L. Mrázková, M. Ošťádal., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of the T-786C endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism on changes in renal hemodynamics and blood pressure due to Na+ loading. Twenty-eight older (63±1 years), moderately obese (39±2 % fat) hypertensives had th eir glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), blood pressure (BP) and plasma nitric oxide (NOx) levels determined after eight days of low (20 mEq) and high (200 mEq) Na+ diets. The two Na+ diets were separated by a 1-week washout period. Subjects were genotyped for the eNOS-786 site and were grouped on whether they were homozygous or heterozygous for the C allele (TC+CC, n=13) or only homozygous for the T allele (TT, n=15). The TC+CC genotype group had a significantly greater increase in diastolic (P=0.021) and mean arterial (P=0.018) BP and a significant decline in both RPF (P=0.007) and GFR (P=0.029) compared to the TT genotype group with Na+ loading. Furthermore, Na+ loading resulted in a significant (P=0.036) increase in plasma NOx in the TT, but not in the TC+CC genotype group as well as a trend (P=0.051) for an increase in urine NOx in TC+CC, but not in the TT genotype group. The increase in BP during Na+ loading in older hypertensives was associated with the eNOS genotype and may be related to changes in renal hemodynamics due to changes in NO metabolism., D. R. Dengel, M. D. Brown, R. E. Ferrell, T. H. Reynolds, M. A. Supiano., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Analyzing the earthquake catalogue of the Upper Egypt area since 1982 revealed some char acteristics of the seismic activity in the area. Construction of a seismicity map according to the seismicity level in the Upper Egypt showed 14 seismic zones and that the seismic activity is intense around the stra it of the Gulf of Suez, along the Red Sea axis, Abu Dabbab and Aswan area. While the detailed study of Aswan zone showed 8 distinct sub-seismic zones and that the activity is concentrated in and around Gable Marawa area. The b-value was calculated for each seismic zone; it is found that the highest value is in Abu Dabbab area followed by Aswan area. A seismic energy rele ased map of the Upper Egypt was constructed for the period from 1982 to 2006; the map reveals the main active zones with high energy values. The study gives new insight for a better understanding of the seismic activity in the Upper Egypt and helps in the seismic hazard assessment., Haggag Hamed Mohamed, Gaber Hassan Hassib, Sayed Abdalah Dahy and Ezzat Mohamed El-Amin., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstric tion (HPV) is an important homeostatic mechanism in which increases of [Ca2+] i are primary events. In this study, primary cultured, human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMC) were used to examine the role of TRPC channels in mediating [Ca2+] i elevations during hypoxia. Hypoxia (PO2 about 20 mm Hg) evoked a transient [Ca2+] i elevation that was reduced by removal of extracellular calcium. Nifedipine and verapamil, blockers of vo ltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), attenuated th e hypoxia-induced [Ca2+] i elevation by about 30 %, suggesting the presence of alternate Ca2+ entry pathways. Expression of TRPC1 an d TRPC6 in hPASMC were found by RT-PCR and confirmed by Western blot analysis. Antagonists for TRPC, 2APB and SKF96365, significantly reduced hypoxia-induced [Ca2+] i elevation by almost 60 %. Both TRPC6 and TRPC1 were knocked down by siRNA, the loss of TRPC6 decreased hypoxic response down to 21 % of control, whereas the knockdown of TRPC1 reduced the hypoxia respon se to 85 %, suggesting that TRPC6 might play a central role in mediating hypoxia response in hPASMC. However, blockade of PLC pathway caused only small inhibition of the hypoxia response. In contrast, AICAR, the agonist of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), induced a gradual [Ca2+] i elevation, whereas compound C, an antagonist of AMPK, almost abolished the hypoxia response. Ho wever, co-immunoprecipitation revealed that AMPK α was not colocalized with TRPC6. Our data supports a role for TRPC6 in mediation of the [Ca2+] i elevation in response to hypoxia in hPASMC and suggests that this response may be linked to cellular energy status via an activation of AMPK., C. Tang, W. K To, F. Meng, Y. Wang, Y. Gu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The classification scheme for micaceous minerals is described. According to the size of mineral particles micas are divided into macrocrystalline compounds and microcrystalline clay micas. Macroc rystalline micas are differentiated into (a) Mg-Fe-Al micas, (b) Li-micas, (c) micas with other cations. Vertical boundary in the suggested scheme divides micas into trioctahedral and dioctahedral members. Additional subdivision is carried out on the basis of the extent of Si substitution in tetrahedral positions of their crystal lattice. Microcrystalline (<4μm) micas are subordinate to the crystallochemical scheme for macrocrystalline micas. List of mica species together with their varieties and synonyms is in Table 2., Karel Melka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, and is an important etiological factor in the development of hypertension. Recent experimental evidence suggests that subpressor doses of angiotensin II elevate oxidative stress and blood pressure. We aimed to investigate the oxidative stress related mechanism by which a subpressor dose of angiotensin II induces hypertension in a normotensive rat model. Normotensive male Wistar rats were infused with a subpressor dose of angiotensin II for 28 days. The control group was sham operated and infused with saline only. Plasma angiotensin II and H2O2 levels, whole-blood glutathione peroxidase, and AT-1a, Cu/Zn SOD, and p22phox mRNA expression in the aorta was assessed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were elevated in the experimental group. There was no change in angiotensin II levels, but a significant increase in AT-1a mRNA expression was found in the experimental group. mRNA expression of p22phox was increased significantly and Cu/Zn SOD decreased significantly in the experimental group. There was no significant change to the H2O2 and GPx levels. Angiotensin II manipulates the free radical-antioxidant balance in the vasculature by selectively increasing O2 - production and decreasing SOD activity and causes an oxidative stress induced elevation in blood pressure in the Wistar rat., M. M. Govender, A. Nadar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The International Journal for Experimental Botany was founded in 1959 by Professor Bohumil Němec. The journal covers all branches of experimental botany ranging from molecular biology and biotechnology to whole-plant and stand functioning. and Jan Krekule.
Precise relative gravimeters achieve the internal precision about a few μGal 1, even in field conditions. Nevertheless this precision is in fact concerned with the instant of measurement and can not be confused with the accuracy of the gravity at the gravity station, which is influenced by other effects. The best approach of these two values is question of high-quality elimination of instrumental errors and time-variable disturbing effects affecting the relative gravity measurements., Martin Lederer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Wire myograph is a device for the in vitro investigation of both, active and passive properties of arteries. Arteries from a variety of animal species, pathological states, and vascular beds were investigated using this method. We focus on the normalization procedure which is aimed to standardize experimental settings and, in part, to simulate physiological conditions. During normalization, it is determined the internal circumference of a vessel stretched to a tension that corresponds to the transmural pressure of 100 mm Hg (IC100). Once it is determined, the internal circumference is traditionally set to (0.9 ⋅ IC100). However, this constant 0.9, called also the normalization factor (NF), was experimentally determined for rat small mesenteric arteries only. Therefore, the aim of our work was to show the influence of different NFs on the passive tension and reactivity of both, rat femoral arteries (FA) an d the first branches of superior mesenteric arteries (MA). We found out that the maximal active wall tension of the FA was achieved at the NF value of 1.1, and that of the MA at 0.9. Considering the values of the active wall tension we suggest that higher reactivity and better signal-to- noise ratio in FA can be achieved when the NF is set at least to 1.0., P. Slezák, I. Waczulíková, P. Bališ, A. Púzserová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Considering the effects of alcohol on cardiac electrical behavior as well as the important role of the inward rectifier potassium current I K1 in arrhythmogenesis, this study was aimed at the effect of acetaldehyd e, the primary metabolite of ethanol, on I K1 in rat ventricular myocytes. Acetaldehyde induced a reversible inhibition of I K1 with IC 50 = 53.7± 7.7 μM at -110 mV; a significant inhibition was documented even at clinically -relevant concentrations (at 3 μM by 13.1 ±3.0 % ). The inhibition was voltage -independent at physiological voltages above - 90 mV. The I K1 changes under acetaldehyde may contribute to alcohol - induced alterations of cardiac electrophysiology, especially in individuals with a genetic defect of a ldehyde dehydrogenase where the acetaldehyde level may be elevated., M. Bébarová, P. Matejovič, M. Šimurdová, J. Šimurda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The effect of Cavalheiro's pilocarpine model of epileptogenesis upon conditioned taste aversion (CTA), an important example of nondeclarative memory, was studied in adult Long Evans rats. Deterioration of CTA was studied during the silent period between pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) and delayed spontaneous recurrent seizures. SE was elicited by i.p. injection of pilocarpine (320 mg/kg ) and interrupted after 2 hours by clonazepame (1 mg/kg i.p.). Peripheral cholinergic symptoms were suppressed by methylscopolamine (1 mg/kg i.p.), administered together with pilocarpine. CTA was formed against the salty taste of isotonic LiCl. In the experiment of CTA acquisition, the CTA was formed and tested during the silent period after SE. In the experiment of CTA retrieval, the CTA was acquired before SE and the retrieval itself was tested during the silent period. Retrieval of CTA acquired before SE was impaired more than the retrieval of CTA formed during the silent period. Our findings indicate that epileptic seizures can disrupt even non-declarative memory but that CTA formed by the damaged brain can use its better preserved parts for memory trace formation. Ketamine (50 mg/kg i.p.) applied 2 min after the onset of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus protected memory deterioration., J. Šroubek, J. Hort, V. Komárek, M. Langmeier, G. Brožek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Acrylamide (AA) is a highly reactive organic compound capable of polymerization to form polyacrylamide, which is commonly used throughout a variety of industries. Given its toxic effect on humans and animals, the last 20 years have seen an increased interest in research devoted to the AA. One of the main sources of AA is food. AA appears in heated food following the reaction between amino acids and reduced sugars. Large concentrations of AA can be found in popular staples such as coffee, bread or potato products. An average daily consumption of AA is between 0.3-2.0 μg/kg b.w. Inhalation of acrylamide is related with occupational exposure. AA delivered with food is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450. AA biotransformation and elimination result in formation of toxic glycidamide (GA). Both, AA and GA can be involved in the coupling reaction with the reduced glutathione (GSH) forming glutathione conjugates which are excreted with urine. Biotransformation of AA leads to the disturbance in the redox balance. Numerous research proved that AA and GA have significant influence on physiological functions including signal propagation in peripheral nerves, enzymatic and hormonal regulation, functions of muscles, reproduction etc. In addition AA and GA show neurotoxic, genotoxic and cancerogenic properties. In 1994, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified acrylamide as a potentially carcinogenic substance to human., M. Semla, Z. Goc, M. Martiniaková, R. Omelka, G. Formicki., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Threshold intensities for epileptic phenomena induced by cortical stimulation were used for comparison of the action of GABA-B and GABA-A antagonists in rats with implanted electrodes. Both CGP 35348 (200 mg/kg i.p.) and bicuculline (4 mg/kg i.p.) significantly decreased thresholds for spike-and-wave afterdischarges and their motor counterpart (clonic seizures) whilst transition into the second, limbic type of afterdischarge as well as threshold for movements directly bound to stimulation remained uninfluenced by either drug., D. Živanović, K. Bernášková, Yu. Kaminskij, P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Dopamine (DA) is known as a primary regulator of prolactin secretion (PRL) and angiotensin II (Ang II) has been recognized as one brain inhibitory factor of this secretion. In this work, estrogen-primed or unprimed ovariectomized rats were submitted to the microinjection of saline or Ang II after previous microinjection of saline or of DA antagonist (haloperidol, sulpiride or SCH) both in the medial preoptic area (MPOA). Our study of these interactions has shown that 1) estrogen-induced PRL secretion is mediated by Ang II and DA actions in the MPOA, i.e. very high plasma PRL would be prevented by inhibitory action of Ang II, while very low levels would be prevented in part by stimulatory action of DA through D2 receptors, 2) the inhibitory action of Ang II depends on estrogen and is mediated in part by inhibitory action of DA through D1 receptors and in other part by inhibition of stimulatory action of DA through D2 receptors., C. M. Leite, G. J. R. Machado, R. C. M. Dornelles, C. R. Franci., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické poznámky
The effects of lyotropic (swelling) anions (Cl-, Br-, NO3- and I-) on contractile properties of fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-twitch soleus (SOL) muscles were investigated in vitro at 20 °C and 35 °C. Isolated muscles bathed in anionic Tyrode solution were stimulated directly and isometric single twitches and fused tetanic contractions were recorded. In a Cl- Tyrode solution a decrease of the bathing temperature led to a cold potentiation of the twitch tension (Pt) in EDL muscles, however, to a cold depression in SOL muscles, in both muscles combined with a prolongation of contraction (CT) and half relaxation (HRT) times. The extent and order of the potentiating effect of lyotropic anions on the Pt, CT and HRT in EDL and SOL were quite similar and increased in the order: Cl-< Br- < NO3- < I-. Since the lyotropic anions did not influence tetanic tensions, the twitch-tetanus ratio (TTR) was increased in NO3- and I- solutions. All effects of the anions were rapidly and completely reversed in both muscles when the test solution was replaced by the normal one. The temperature decrease caused no significant alteration in the potentiation capacity of the anions or in the kinetics of their action and reversibility., Y. Wondmikun, T. Soukup, G. Asmussen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Ischemic preconditioning (IP) protects the heart against subsequent prolonged ischemia. Whether the β-adrenoceptor/adenylate cyclase pathway contributes to this cardioprotection is not yet fully known. Using enzyme catalytic cytochemistry we studied the adenylate cyclase activity and its distribution in the preconditioned rat heart. Adenylate cyclase activity was examined in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts subjected to the following conditions: control perfusion; 30 min regional ischemia; 5 min occlusion and 10 min reperfusion (IP); IP followed by ischemia. Ischemia-induced arrhythmias and the effect of ischemic preconditioning on the incidence of arrhythmias were analyzed. At the end of experiment the heart was shortly prefixed with glutaraldehyde. Tissue samples from the left ventricle were incubated in a medium containing the specific substate AMP-PNP for adenylate cyclase and then routinely processed for electron microscopy. Adenylate cyclase activity was cytochemically demonstrated in the sarcolemma and the junctional sarcoplasmic reliculum (JSR) in control hearts, while it was absent after test ischemia. The highest activity of the precipitate was observed after ischemic preconditioning. In the preconditioned hearts followed by test ischemia, adenylate cyclase activity in the precipitate was preserved in sarcolemma and even more in JSR. Protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was manifested by the suppression of severe arrhythmias. These rresults indicate the involvement of the adenylate cyclase system in mechanisms underlying ischemic preconditioning., Ľ. Okruhlicová, T. Ravingerová, D. Pancza, N. Tribulová, J. Styk, R. Štetka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in stimulation of immune system, development of autoimmune endocrinopathies as autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) and on other hand induction of immunosupresion activates gastric and extra-gastric diseases such as gastric ulcer or cancer. It causes persistent lifelong infection despite local and systemic immune response. Our results indicate that Helicobacter pylori might cause inhibition of the specific cellular immune response in Helicobacter pyloriinfected patients with or without autoimmune diseases such as AT. We cannot also declare the carcinogenic effect in oropharynx. However the association of any infection agents and cancerogenesis exists. The adherence of Helicobacter pylori expression and enlargement of benign lymphatic tissue and the high incidence of the DNA of Helicobacter pylori in laryngopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancer is reality. LTT appears to be a good tool for detection of immune memory cellular response in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and AT. All these complications of Helicobacter pylori infection can be abrogated by successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori., J. Astl, I. Šterzl., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Several deleterious effects may occur when intense and exhaustive exercise (IE) is not well-planned. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a short duration IE on body chemical composition and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. C57Bl/6 mice were distributed into four groups (10 mice per group): control (C-4D and C-10D), 4 days (E-4D), and 10 days of IE (E-10D). IE program consisted of a daily running session at 85 % of maximum speed until the animal reached exhaustion. Body weight as well as total body water, fat and protein content were determined from animal carcasses. HPA activation was assessed by plasma corticosterone levels measured by radioimmunoassay and the weight of both the adrenal glands and thymus were measured. Plasma corticosterone levels increased by 64 % in both the E-4D and E-10D groups. The weight of the adrenal glands augmented by 74 % and 45 %, at 4 and 10 days of IE, respectively, whereas thymus weight diminished by 15 % only in the E-10D group. The total carcass fat content decreased by 20 % only at 4 days IE, whereas protein content decreased by 20 % in both E-4D and E-10D groups. A relationship between corticosterone plasma levels and loss of body protein content in both E-4D and E-10D groups was observed (R2=0.999). We concluded that IE may be related to HPA axis activation associated with remodeling of body chemical composition in C57BL/6 mice., E. F. Rosa, G. A. Alves, J. Luz, S. M. A. Silva, D. Suchecki, J. B. Pesquero, J. Aboulafia, V. L. A. Nouailhetas., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Triiodothyronine administration before partial hepatectomy increased the activity of mitochondrial glycerophosphate cytochrome c reductase. The enzyme activity was further activated after partial hepatectomy during the regenerative process. Our findings showed that: a) the increase of glycerophosphate cytochrome c reductase induced by triiodothyronine was further potentiated by the regeneration process, b) the high activity of the glycerophosphate shuttle was maintained after partial hepatectomy during the period, when most of the liver tissue had again been recovered., H. Lotková, H. Rauchová, Z. Drahota., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Objectives of the study were to investigate impact of ischemic preconditioning (Ipre) and sulforaphane (SFN) and combination of them on nuclear factor 2 erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene and its dependent genes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) and NADPHquinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO-1) and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL1β, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and caspase-3 in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ninety male Sprague Dawely rats were classified into 5 groups (each consists of 18 rats): sham, control, Ipre, sulforaphane and Sulfo+Ipre. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups each containing 6 rats according to time of harvesting kidney and taking blood samples; 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days subgroups. Renal functions including serum creatinine, BUN were measured at basal conditions and by the end of experiment. Expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and ICAM-1 was measured by real time PCR in kidney tissues by the end of experiment. Also, immunohistochemical localization of caspase-3 and chemical assay of malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH and SOD activity were measured in kidney tissues. Both Ipre and SFN improved kidney functions, enhanced the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1, attenuated the expression of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1, and ICAM-1) and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers. However, the effect of sulforaphane was more powerful than Ipre. Also, a combination of them caused more improvement in antioxidant genes expression and more attenuation in inflammatory genes but not caspase-3 than each one did separately. Sulforaphane showed more powerful effect in renoprotection against I/R injury than Ipre as well as there might be a synergism between them at the molecular but not at the function level., A. A. Shokeir, N. Barakat, A. M. Hussein, A. Awadalla, A. M. Harraz, S. Khater, K. Hemmaid, A. I. Kamal., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This paper examines the results of fault microdisplacement analyses obtained from sites located both at the surface and underground in western Slovakia. The results of surface monitoring showed significant annual climatic effects on the various displacement components. In contrast, the results of underground monitoring in caves showed minimal climatic effects. It is seen that the influence of climate decreases markedly with depth. The yearly peak-to-peak amplitude of climatic variations may be as high as 1 mm at the surface but only 0.1 mm underground. The amount of tectonic displacement can be determined once such climatic considerations have been taken into account. Our fault displacement measurements show horizontal strike-slip rates of tenths of mm or hundredths of mm per year. In addition, vertical displacements have been recorded at Prekážka Quarry, Driny Cave, and Slopy Cave. The network is sufficiently dense to identify changes in displacement activity recorded during recent, significant, earthquake events. Furthermore, three gauges have also helped to determine the local stress orientation in Driny Cave., Miloš Briestenský, Blahoslav Košťák, Josef Stemberk, Ľubomír Petro, Jozef Vozár and Lucia Fojtíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
One of the leaved out fault active systems at Southern Moravian can be considered the so called Diendorf - Čebín tectonic zone (DCTZ), that is seismically active in its southern segment (in Austrian). The Waitzendorf fault is a part of the DCTZ, with intensive morphological signs. The terrain recognizance along the eastern margin of the Dyje Dome confirmed many indi cations showing evidence of geodynamic activity. The facets, old land slides and rock falls indicate recent activity in the environs of Znojmo area. The paper offers interpretation of the geodetic results (GPS) using morphological and geophysical data from all area of the DCTZ ., Lubomil Pospíšil, Pavel Roštínský, Otakar Švábenský, Josef Weigel and Michal Witiska., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Four groups of goldfish were exposed to cadmium in a concentration of 20 mg Cd/l water under aquarium conditions. The duration of exposure was 1, 4, 7 and 15 days. It was shown that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the red blood cells (RBC) significantly decreased after the first day of cadmium exposure. However, the SOD activity increased after 7 and 15 days of cadmium treatment. Elevated activity of catalase (CAT) was found in erythrocytes of cadmium-treated fishes after 15 days, whereas plasma GOT levels was increased after 7 and 15 days and GPT levels after 1, 4, 7 and 15 days of cadmium treatment. This was accompanied by a significant decrease of blood hemoglobin concentrations (after 15 days) and hematocrit values (after 7 and 15 days). However, the concentration of blood glucose significantly increased after 1, 4, 7 and 15 days of cadmium exposure. These results indicate that cadmium causes oxidative stress and tissue damage in the exposed fishes., R.V. Žikić, A. Š. Štajn, S. Z. Pavlović, B. I. Ognjanović, Z. S. Saičić., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) seems to have a relevant role in detoxifying processes and in atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine PON1 activity, the total antioxidant capacity, as well as entire lipid profile in children for screening of possible risk of atherosclerosis development. Serum PON1 arylesterase/paraoxonase activities were determined spectrophotometrically. The total antioxidant capacity of the serum was measured by TEAC method. Parameters of lipid profile were analyzed by routine laboratory methods. It has been shown that PON1 arylesterase/ paraoxonase activities were very similar to values found in adults. In children, no significant correlation between PON1 arylesterase activity and HDL was observed. PON1 paraoxonase activity correlated only with atherogenic index. PON1 arylesterase activity was significantly higher in girls than in boys. The antioxidant capacity was inversely related to the body mass index. In this study, PON1 activity was determined in healthy children aged 11 to 12 years and we found a similarity in PON1 activities of children and adults. Moreover, the results of our study support the hypothesis that higher body weight of children may contribute to a greater risk for development of atherosclerosis in which oxidative stress plays a role., K. Sumegová, Z. Nagyová, I. Waczulíková, I. Žitňanová, Z. Ďuračková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
We studied the temporal relationships and the patterns of electromyographic activities of the posterior cricoarytenoid and thyreoarytenoid muscles (laryngeal abductor and adductor), the diaphragm and abdominal muscles in anesthetized cats during mechanically induced tracheobronchial and laryngopharyngeal coughs, expiration and aspiration reflexes. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle activity reached the maxima just before the peak of diaphragmatic activity in both types of cough and aspiration reflexes and slightly before the top of abdominal muscle activity in coughs and the expiration reflex. Thus, this muscle contributes to the inspiratory phase of coughs and aspiration reflex and also to the expulsive phase of coughs and the expiration reflex. The thyreoarytenoid muscle presented strong discharges in the compressive phase of coughs and expiration reflex (during the rising part of the abdominal muscle activity) and in the subsequent laryngoconstriction (following the diaphragmal and/or abdominal muscle activity) in all four reflexes. This muscle was also slightly activated at the beginning of the aspiration reflex. The existence of four phases of the cough reflex is also discussed., I. Poliaček, A. Stránsky, J. Jakuš, H. Baráni, Z. Tomori, E. Halašová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The biosynthesis and metabolism of testosterone and cortisol are altered by the high levels of adipose tissue and the constant state of low-grade inflammation of obesity. Resistance exercise (REx) has become one of the main lifestyle interventions prescribed to obese individuals due to its ability to positively influence body composition and some biomarkers, such as cholesterol and insulin resistance. Yet, little research has been done in obese examining the effects of REx on the testosterone and blood cortisol responses, two integral hormones in both exercise and obesity. The obese testosterone response to REx and whether or not it is blunted compared to lean individuals remains elusive. Conflicting findings concerning the blood cortisol response have also been reported, likely due to variance in REx protocol and the level of obesity in the participants in studies. Comparatively, both of these hormones have been extremely well studied in untrained lean males, which could be used as a basis for future research in obese males. However, without this endocrinological information, it is unknown if the current acute REx prescriptions are appropriate for eliciting a favorable acute endocrinological response, and ultimately, a positive chronic adaptation in obese males., C. B. O'Leary, A: C. Hackney., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Principal vasoactive systems - renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), nitric oxide (NO) and prostanoids - exert their vascular effects through the changes in calcium levels and/or calcium sensitization. To estimate a possible modulation of calcium sensitization by the above vasoactive systems, we studied the influence of acute and chronic blockade of particular vasoactive systems on blood pressure (BP) changes elicited in conscious normotensive rats by acute dose-dependent administration of Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil. Adult male chronically cannulated Wistar rats were used throughout this study. The acute inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) by L-NAME enhanced BP response to fasudil, the effect being considerably augmented in rats deprived of endogenous SNS. The acute inhibition of prostanoid synthesis by indomethacin modified BP response to fasudil less than the acute NOS inhibition. The chronic NOS inhibition caused moderate BP elevation and a more pronounced augmentation of fasudilinduced BP changes compared to the effect of acute NOS inhibition. This indicates both short-term and long-term NOdependent attenuation of calcium sensitization. Long-term inhibition of RAS by captopril caused a significant attenuation of BP changes elicited by fasudil. In contrast, a long-term attenuation of SNS by chronic guanethidine treatment (in youth or adulthood) had no effect on BP response to fasudil, suggesting the absence of SNS does not affect calcium sensitization in vascular smooth muscle of normotensive rats. In conclusion, renin-angiotensin system contributes to the long-term increase of calcium sensitization and its effect is counterbalanced by nitric oxide which decreases calcium sensitization in Wistar rats., A. Brunová, M. Bencze, M. Behuliak, J. Zicha., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The effect of the chronic and acute antioxidant tempol (superoxide dismutase mimetic) treatment on cardiac ischemic tolerance was investigated in adult male Wistar rats. The first experimental group was given tempol (1 mM) in drinking water for three weeks, the second group received tempol (100 mg/kg, i.v.) 10 min before test ischemia, and control rats received the same volume of solvent. Anesthetized open-chest animals (pentobarbitone 60 mg/kg, i.p.) were subjected to 20-min coronary artery occlusion and 3-h reperfusion for infarct size determination. Ventricular arrhythmias were monitored during ischemia and at the beginning (5 min) of reperfusion. Acute tempol administration shifted the time profile of ischemic arrhythmias to the later phase and significantly increased the number of ischemic and reperfusion premature ventricular complexes, respectively (504±127 and 84±21) as compared with the chronically treated group (218±36 and 47±7) or controls (197±26 and 31±7). Acute tempol-treated rats exhibited a tendency to decrease infarct size (P = 0.087). The mechanism of proarrhythmic tempol action during ischemia and reperfusion remains to be elucidated., J. Neckář, B. Ošťádal, F. Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy