The Academies of St John presented by the Society of Bohemian Journalists in the form of a series of orchestral concerts held in Prague took place as a part of celebrations in honour of St John of Nepomuk held each May from 1878 until 1885. The Society of Bohemian Journalists held the events for the purpose of raising money, and on an ideological level, the events were intended to create room for the presentation of orchestral works by Bohemian composers. The organizer of the Academy was the writer, poet, and journalist Jan Neruda, whose feuilletons and reviews in the newspaper Národní listy reflect on the academies that they produced, but on a broader level, they also reveal his attitude towards the saint and the traditional veneration of John of Nepomuk. As a source, this period correspondence of the direct or indirect participants in the Academies of St John or in another project with similar aims (the Slavonic Concerts of the Academic Readers Association) has not previously been exhaustively studied, and it offers insight into Prague’s concert life at the time., Petra Kolátorová., Rubrika: Studie, Obsahuje seznam literatury, and Anglické resumé na s. 296-298.
Studie Marie Škarpové se zabývá literárními prameny a okruhy duchovních písní, které byly inspirací pro repertoár kancionálu "Jesličky, staré a nové písničky", jehož autorem byl přední český barokní básník a duchovní Fridrich Bridelius., This study deals with that portion of the repertoire of the Czech Advent and Christmas songbook Jesličky (Prague, 1658) by Fridrich Bridelius, which newly appeared in Czech hymnography thanks to this song book, and it summarizes the various results of the search for textual sources from other languages for these “new” songs in Jesličky. It points out their ties to contemporary German written hymnography (of both German and Bohemian provenience) and to Latin hymnography, i.e. to contemporary Latin songs. The text is thus not only a contribution towards discovering the ways that Czech hymnographers of the 17th century became familiar with the new, i.e. baroque, poetic language, but also, above all, an attempt to stimulate further hymnological research on baroque hymnographic works in the early modern history of Central Europe and the interconnections and relationships between them., Marie Škarpová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 397, anglický abstrakt na s. 377.
This study deals with the relationship of Prince Joseph Adam von Schwarzenberg to music and theatre and with the way in which his theatrical preferences revealed themselves in the repertoire of his private castle theatre in Cesky Krumlov from 1766 until 1768. Through a careful study of the extant sources (correspondence, libretti, scores and parts, accounting books etc.), the author has managed to specify the reasons for the precipitous renovation of the castle theatre in late 1765 and early 66 and to determine what specific dramatic works were performed there. Among other things, she has succeeded in compiling the entire list of performances planned for the fourteen-day wedding celebration in the summer of 1768. The author furthermore focuses on information about the musicians who were then in the princes services and also about commissioned musical instruments and musical scores and parts., Helena Kazárová., Obsahuje seznam literatury, and Anglické resumé na s. 45.
Cílem výzkumu bylo ověřit vztahy mezi výkonovou orientací a sebeznevýhodňováním. Výzkumný soubor sestával z 355 studentů Sakarya University v Turecku. 201 z nich byly ženy, 154 muži a průměrný věk byl 20,2 roku. Škála 2X2 výkonové orientace a škála sebeznevýhodňování byly použity jako míry. Vztahy mezi výkonovou orientací a sebeznevýhodňováním byly zkoumány pomocí korelační analýzy a mnohonásobné regresní analýzy. Výsledky ukázaly, že sebeznevýhodňování korelovalo pozitivně s cíli vyhýbat se učení a vyhýbat se výkonovým situacím a negativně s cíli přikročit k učení a přikročit k výkonovým situacím. Podle výsledků regresní analýzy bylo sebeznevýhodňování predikováno cíli vyhýbat se učení a vyhýbat se výkonovým situacím. Dále se ukázalo, že cíle přikročit k učení a přikročit k výkonovým situacím predikovaly sebeznevýhodňování negativně. Cíle přikročit k učení/vyhýbat se učení a přikročit k výkonovým situacím/vyhýbat se výkonovým situacím vysvětlily 69 % rozptylu sebeznevýhodňování., The aim of this research was to examine the relationships between achievement goal orientations and self-handicapping. The sample of study consists of 355 university students from Sakarya University, Turkey. 201 participants were female and 154 were male, the mean age was 20.2. The 2X2 Achievement Goal Orientations Scale and the Self-handicapping Scale were used as measures. The relationships between achievement goal orientations and self-handicapping were examined using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that self-handicapping correlated positively with learning-avoidance and performance-avoidance goals and negatively with learning-approach and performance-approach goals. According to regression results, self-handicapping was predicted positively by learning-avoidance and performance-avoidance goals. Further learning- approach and performance-approach goals predicted self-handicapping in a negative way. Learning-approach/avoidance and performanceapproach/ avoidance goals have explained 69% of the variance in self-handicapping. The results should not be generalized either to all university students or to other student population. Secondly, as correlational statistics were utilized, no definitive statements can be made about causality. And last, the data are self-reported., Ümran Akin., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Accelerated glycoxidation takes part in the development of diabetic complications. We determined advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in the sera of 52 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) - 18 with DM Type 1 and 34 with DM Type 2 and examined their relationship to the compensation of the disease. AGEs were estimated spectrofluorimetrically (350 nm/440 nm) whereas AOPP were determined spectro-photometrically (340 nm). AGEs were elevated only in DM Type 2 (DM2 5.11±1.15x103 AU/g vs controls 4.08±0.71x103 AU/g, p<0.001, vs DM1 4.14±0.86x103 AU/g, p<0.005, DM1 vs controls were not significant). AOPP were elevated significantly in both types of DM with higher levels in DM Type 2 (DM2 157.50±75.15 mmol/l vs healthy subjects 79.80±23.72 mmol/l, p<0.001, vs DM1 97.50±30.91 mmol/l, p<0.005, DM1 vs controls p<0.05). There was a tight correlation between AGEs and AOPP in both types of DM (DM1 r=0.75, DM2 r=0.47 (p<0.05)) and both AGEs and AOPP correlated with triglycerides. In DM Type 1 only, AGEs correlated with HbA1c r=0.47 (p<0.05) and with blood glucose. Slight but not significant differences in AGEs and AOPP levels were observed in patients with or without diabetic complications. Oxidative stress is increased in both types of DM, more in Type 2 where it contributes to the formation of glycoxidation products., M. Kalousová, J. Škrha, T. Zima., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The polymorphisms of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in exon 4 (p53 BstUI) and in intron 6 (p53 MspI) have been suggested to be associated with the genetically determined susceptibility in diverse types of human cancer. In our hospital-based case-control study, we examined the allele and genotype incidence of these polymorphisms as well as their haplotype combinations in 60 brain tumor patients (27 males and 33 females) and 183 controls without malignancies. The genotype characteristics were determined by the PCR-based RFLP method using DNA extracted from peripheral blood. In this study we show that the p53 BstUI and the p53 MspI polymorphisms are not associated with increased risk of brain tumors. Thus, we conclude that the p53 BstUI and the p53 MspI polymorphic sites within the tumor suppressor gene p53 do not represent genetic determinants of susceptibility to brain tumors., E. Biroš, I. Kalina, A. Kohút, E. Bogyiová, J. Šalagovič, I. Šulla., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Binding of beta2-GP I to anionic phospholipids is thought to be the major antigen required in the reaction of anticardiolipin antibodies to phospholipids. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of anti-beta2-GP I IgG during the first and second trimester of pregnancy and the relationship between the levels of anti-beta2-GP I and fetoplacental antigens and the correlation between anti-beta2-GP I IgG and antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein IgG (oLAb) in serum of pregnant women. We determined anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) IgG and maternal serum levels of alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and trophoblast-specific beta1-glycoprotein (SP1) in 204 pregnant women in the first and second trimester. From this group we selected 52 serum samples positive for ACA IgG and 16 samples negative for ACA IgG. In the samples of selected patients, the levels of anti-b2-GP I IgG and oLAb IgG were determined. Anti-b2-GP I IgG levels significantly decreased in the second trimester (6.2±9.3 U/ml, mean ± S.D.) in comparison with the first trimester (8.3±10.4 U/ml) (p=0.05). Multiple of median (MoM) AFP correlated negatively but not significantly in the first trimester with anti-b2-GP I (r = -0.261, p = 0.12). In the second trimester this correlation was significantly negative (r = -0.278, p = 0.04). The Spearman correlation coefficients for MoM HCG and anti-beta2-GP I were 0.158 for the first trimester and 0.174 for the second trimester. MoM SP1 also did not correlate significantly with anti-beta2-GP I in both trimesters. The correlation between anti-beta2-GP I IgG and oLAb IgG was not significant (r = -0.06). In the first trimester 40 % serum samples were positive for anti-b2-GP I IgG and negative for oLAb IgG or vice versa, while 60 % samples in the second trimester were positive only for one determined autoantibody. We can conclude that the levels of a, L. Fialová, I. Malbohan, L. Mikulíková, O. Benešová, A. Zwinger., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) formed in vivo induce a humoral immune response. Oxidative modification of LDL renders it immunogenic and a heterogeneous population of specific anti-oxLDL antibodies is produced. These antibodies could represent a biological marker of oxidative stress and serve as markers of atherosclerosis. Autoantibodies against oxLDL (oLAb) have been detected in human subjects practically of every age. oLAb also appear in the blood of pregnant women. Some studies have shown that the levels of antibodies to oxLDL were elevated in women with established preeclampsia. The present study was aimed to estimate the oLAb IgG levels in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, we estimated the correlation between maternal serum (MS) levels of oLAb and alpha-1-fetoprotein (MS AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (MS HCG) and trophoblast-specific-beta-1-glycoprotein (MS SP1), because these proteins are determined as a part of prenatal biochemical screening for fetal congenital abnormalities. Our study deals with the oLAb changes in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. We also investigated the correlation between oLAb IgG and anticardiolipin antibodies IgG (ACA) in the serum of pregnant women. We examined 40 pregnant women attending Institute for Mother and Child Care for their antenatal care as outpatients. Routine blood samplings between the 9-13th week of pregnancy and 16-18th week of pregnancy were performed as a part of biochemical prenatal screening for fetal congenital abnormalities (Group 1). Their mean age was 27±4.1 years. Furthermore, we examined 26 women in the second or third trimester with pregnancy-induced hypertension (Group 2). Group 2 was compared with 49 pregnant women in the second or third trimester who were normotensive (Group 3)., a2_We used commercial standardized ELISA kits for determination of oLAb IgG, ACA IgG, MS AFP and MS HCG, MS SP1 was analyzed by single radial immunodiffusion. We did not find any differences in the levels of oLAb IgG in the first and second trimester in the women of Group 1. The correlation between oLAb and ACA IgG was not statistically significant (Spearman coefficient r=0.22, p=0.1). The correlation between oLAb IgG with MS AFP, MS HCG and MS SP1 was not statistically significant. Weak negative correlation for AFP and HCG was suggested both in the first and in the second trimester. The levels of oLAb IgG in the group of women with pregnancy-induced hypertension were significantly lower than in the group of normotensive women (348±388 U/ml v.s. 579±400 mU/ml, p<0.01). We can conclude that the levels of oLAb do not differ in the first and second trimester of gravidity. However, we cannot exclude the possible influence of an inverse relationship between oLAb IgG titers and the synthesis of fetoplacental antigens. This finding is important especially in the context of the results of prenatal biochemical screening. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is associated with lower levels of oLAb. Weak cross-reactivity between oLAb and anticardiolipin antibodies may exist but there is a possibility that there are two different populations of antibodies reacting with various antigens., L. Fialová, L. Mikulíková, I. Malbohan, O. Benešová, S. Štípek, T. Zima, A. Zwinger., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Studie Evy Myslivcové se zabývá korespondencí mezi hudebním skladatelem Antonínem Dvořákem a jeho blízkým přítelem Aloisem Göblem., This article introduces newly found photocopies of two letters from Antonín Dvořák to Alois Göbl with heretofore unknown and unpublished contents (newly discovered facts about Dvořák’s life and about period reception of his masterpieces – e.g. the Symphony No. 9 in E Minor “From the New World”, op. 95, and the Cello Concerto in B Minor, op. 104) and places them within the context of Dvořák’s correspondence addressed to his friend Göbl in Sychrov that has already been published in several different editions., Eva Myslivcová., Rubrika: Studie, and Německé resumé na s. 299, anglický abstrakt na s. 289.
Early consequences of lithium-pilocarpine convulsive status epilepticus (SE) were studied six days after this status had been induced in rat pups at the age of either 12 or 25 days. Studies of spontaneous EEG activity demonstrated the presence of epileptic phenomena (isolated spikes) in both hippocampus and cortex (cortical spikes were more expressed in the older group). There were no marked behavioral correlates of spikes and transition into the ictal phase was exceptional. The motor performance on a rotorod and a horizontal bar was the same in experimental and control rats of both ages. Behavior in the open field was changed in a reverse manner in the two age groups: the locomotor activity of rats with induced seizures at the age of 12 days was significantly lower than that of their control siblings, whereas animals undergoing status at the age of 25 days were hyperactive. In addition, they also exhibited increased exploratory activity (rearing) and their habituation to the open field was deranged. Nissl-stained brain sections demonstrated extensive brain damage in the older group in contrast to the negative findings in younger animals. EEG, behavioral and morphological changes induced by status epilepticus in developing rats persisted for 6 days after the status. They markedly differed according to the age of animals., L. Suchomelová, H. Kubová, R. Haugvicová, R. Druga, P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Insulin resistance is present in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as in obese patients without diabetes. The aim of our study was to compare insulin action in diabetic and control persons with or without obesity and to evaluate the influence of serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and blood pressure on metabolic variables of insulin action. We examined 42 Type 2 diabetic patients and 41 control persons with body mass index (BMI) from 21.1 to 64.5 kg.m-2, and 33 to 71 years old. The isoglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was performed at an insulin infusion rate of 1 mU.kg-1.min-1 during 120 min. We evaluated the metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCRG, ml.kg-1.min-1) as the most important indicator of insulin action by isoglycemic clamp. The Pearson's correlation and multiple regression models were used to compare studied factors with the insulin action. We found following predictors of insulin resistance expressed in the relationship with MCRG: BMI (r = -0.68, p<0.001), plasma glucose concentration (r = -0.66, p<0.001), cholesterol (r=-0.55, p<0.001), triglycerides (r = -0.54, p<0.001) and mean blood pressure (r = -0.38, p<0.01). From the multiple regression analysis we conclude that obesity may have even greater influence on the insulin action than diabetes mellitus itself., G. Šindelka, J. Škrha, M. Prázný, T. Haas., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Studie Heleny Matějčkové se zabývá obchodními kontakty mezi hudebním skladatelem Antonínem Dvořákem a londýnským nakladatelem Augener & Co., In the course of research focusing on the history of publication of the works of A. Dvořák, printed editions have been discovered for five works that were issued in 1885 and 1886 by the London publishing house Augener & Co. The literature and sources concerning the life and work of A. Dvořák, however, make no mention of this publisher or of its editions of Dvořák’s music. The study maps the history and activity of the publishing house, devoting the greatest attention to describing the new sources and to consideration of the possible circumstances of their publication – Augener’s editions of Dvořák’s compositions appear to have been prepared on the basis of already issued printings by the Prague publisher F. A. Urbánek – and of aspects of publishing practice at the time, especially with regard to copyright issues., Helena Matějčková., Rubrika: Studie, and Anglické resumé na s. 265, anglický abstrakt 247.
The reports of analgesic effects of benzodiazepines are inconsistent. There is evidence of a hyperalgesic effect induced by activation of supraspinal GABAA receptors and an antinociceptive effect induced by activation of receptors located in the spinal cord (dorsal horns). The aim of the study was to discover whether the systemic administration of a benzodiazepine agent alprazolam increases the systemic analgesic efficacy of non-opioid analgesic ibuprofen. Experimental studies combining these agents have not yet been published. We used three experimental methods - writhing test (with acetic acid), tail-flick test and plantar test to assess analgesic action. The drugs were administered orally. Augmentation of the analgesic effect of ibuprofen by alprazolam was proved for the writhing test at a dose of 30 mg/kg of ibuprofen and alprazolam 1 mg/kg. The reaction time of the combination was significantly prolonged in comparison with ibuprofen alone. The results of the tail-flick test and plantar test were negative. The effect of ibuprofen was not enhanced by alprazolam in tests of acute thermal pain. Our results have demonstrated that the analgesic action of ibuprofen is only weakly enhanced by alprazolam., T. Doležal, M. Kršiak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Predchádzajúce výskumy naznačujú, že autenticita (pravdivosť v prežívaní a správaní) súvisí s lepším fungovaním blízkych vzťahov. Štúdia je zameraná najmä na partnerskú, resp. vzťahovú autenticitu, teda tendenciu byť autentický voči partnerovi vo vzťahu. Výskum bol zameraný na zistenie korelačných súvislostí autenticity so vzťahovou autonómiou, so sebaúctou, so spokojnosťou a mierou investícií do vzťahu, s dimenziami lásky a s mierou vnímanej prepojenosti partnerov, a to s cieľom overiť, či autenticita partnerov môže predikovať kvalitu partnerského vzťahu. V rámci partnerských dvojíc bola zisťovaná aj miera zhody medzi autenticitou žien a autenticitou mužov, a tiež to, či autenticita jedného partnera súvisí s aspektmi vzťahu sledovanými u druhého partnera (tzv. efekt partnera). Údaje boli zozbierané prostredníctvom batérie dotazníkov (Škála vzťahovej autenticity, Rolový dotazník autenticity, Dotazník autonómie v partnerskom vzťahu, Škála trojuholníku lásky, dimenzie spokojnosť a investície zo Škály investičného modelu, Rosenbergova škála sebahodnotenia a Škála zahrnutosti druhého v sebe) od 189 respondentov vo veku od 18 do 33 rokov, z toho 51 partnerských párov. Výsledky poukázali na štatisticky významné korelácie medzi partnerskou autenticitou a všetkými sledovanými aspektmi partnerského vzťahu, ako aj na nenáhodnú podobnosť partnerov v miere autenticity. Tiež sa preukázal pozitívny efekt autenticity partnera na vzťahovú autonómiu a spokojnosť druhého partnera (u oboch pohlaví). Čo sa týka dimenzií lásky, u žien bol zistený pozitívny efekt autenticity na oddanosť mužov, kým u mužov pozitívny efekt autenticity na mieru intimity žien., a2_ Určitým limitom výskumu môže byť jeho sebavýpoveďový charakter, sociálna žiaducosť sledovaných charakteristík a špecifickosť výskumnej vzorky (prevažne vysokoškolskí študenti, relatívne vysoký podiel študentov psychológie)., b1_Previous research suggests that authenticity (the truth in the experiences and behaviors) is associated with better functioning of close relationships. The study is mainly focused on the partner or relational authenticity, i.e. the tendency to be authentic towards the partner in the relationship. The research was aimed at finding out the correlations of authenticity with relational autonomy, self-esteem, satisfaction and the level of investment in the partnership, dimensions of love, and the extent of perceived connectedness between partners, to verify whether the authenticity of partners may predict the quality of partnership. Then the level of agreement between the authenticity of women and authenticity of men within the couples was assessed, as well as whether the authenticity of one partner is related to aspects of relationship of the other partner (so-called partner´s effect). Data were collected through the battery of questionnaires (Partnership authenticity scale, Role authenticity questionnaire, Autonomy in partnership questionnaire, Triangular love scale, satisfaction and investment dimensions of the Investment model scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and Inclusion of other to the self scale) from 189 respondents aged 18-33 years, including 51 couples. The results showed statistically significant correlations between relational authenticity and all monitored aspects of the partnership, as well as nonrandom similarity between partners in the level of their authenticity. It was also showed the positive effect of partner’s authenticity to relational autonomy and satisfaction (in both sexes). Regarding the dimensions of love, it was found the positive effect of women’s authenticity to the men’s commitment, and positive effect of men’s authenticity to level of women’s intimacy., b2_Certain limits of the research can be its self-report character, social desirability of observed characteristics, and specificity of the research sample (mostly university students, with relatively high proportion of psychology students)., Eva Nábělková, Natália Balážová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
We investigated the gastric response to an ulcerogenic irritant and the change in gastric functions in an experimental rat model of obstructive jaundice, with or without biliary drainage. After biliary obstruction for 14 days, rats with ligated bile duct (BDL) were randomly divided into three groups: BDL group without biliary drainage, BDL followed by choledochoduodenostomy (CD) or a choledochovesical fistula (CVF). The gastric functions were evaluated 2 weeks after the surgery. Gastric damage, induced by orogastric administration of ethanol, was evaluated 30 min later using a lesion index and microscopic scoring was then performed on fixed stomachs. Basal gastric acid secretion was measured by the pyloric ligation method.The lesion index and maximum lesion depth did not differ in the BDL and sham groups, while they were significantly reduced in the CD group. Gastric acid output and secretory volume were reduced in the BDL group compared to the sham group, while these reductions were abolished in the CD group. Afferent denervation with capsaicin further reduced the ulcer index in the later group. Our data suggest that gastric mucosal susceptibility to injury is dependent on the normal flow of bile into the duodenal lumen, which appears to be a requirement for adaptive gastric cytoprotection., A. Cingi, R. Ahiskali, B. K. Oktar, M. A. Gülpinar, C. Yegen, B.Ç. Yegen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The two hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary of the Don Giovanni premiere, in 1787, and the one hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the foundation, in 1837, of Pragues Mozart Denkmal, the first ever Mozart Memorial Collection, housed from then until now in Pragues Klementinum, offer the opportunity to take a look at Mozarts standing in the early 19th century in Bohemia through the eyes of press and writing on music of the time (August Wilhelm Ambros, Wenzel Johann Tomaschek, Joseph Proksch, Ed. Murelli), as well as period arrangements of his works and the ways of their interpretation., Michaela Freemanová., Obsahuje seznam literatury, and České resumé na s. 102.
Studie Evy Veselovské se zabývá notovanými kodexy, které vznikly na území dnešního Slovenska od 14. do začátku 16. století a do jejichž způsobu notace se promítl vliv českého kulturního prostředí., Recent research of Slovakian medieval notated codices and manuscript fragments raised an important fact: the written culture of the late 14th and 15th centuries in Slovakia was strongly influenced by education from Czech lands. Particularly between 1370 and 1520, the direct impact of the scribal notation tradition from Czech lands to Slovak area can be detected in a number of Slovakian music sources. Codices and dozens of manuscript fragments documenting Bohemian notation in the Slovak geographical area have become the subject of research, along with the systematization, analysis and evaluation of all currently known and edited medieval notated sources from Slovakia. The main purpose of this research is to organise the information gained from these sources, and to determine the general structural features of Bohemian notation in Slovakia., Eva Veselovská., Rubrika: Studie, and Slovenské resumé na s. 376, anglický abstrakt na s. 337.
A large number of songs have been preserved in the Strahov Codex (ca. 1465/67-1470), an important collection of polyphony from the latter half of the fifteenth century. These songs were once generally regarded as cantiones in Latin or as instrumental compositions, but a detailed study of this repertoire shows that the manuscript is an important source of secular compositions, and especially of chansons. Most of these songs have been preserved only in this manuscript. Questions remain as to when they were composed and how they found their way into a manuscript that originated in one of the Catholic regions of Bohemia., Lenka Hlávková-Mračková., and České resumé na s. 270.
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition has been reported to induce regression of hypertrophy in several models of hemodynamic pressure overload. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the ACE inhibitor captopril can reduce hypertrophy of the left ventricle induced by a chronic volume overload and modify collagen composition of the hypertrophied myocardium. Rabbits with four months lasting aortic insufficiency were divided into two groups: treated with captopril (20 mg/kg/day) for five weeks and treated with placebo. The respective control groups were represented by sham-operated animals. Aortic insufficiency induced a decrease of diastolic pressure, an increase of systolic and pulse pressure, hypertrophy of the left and right ventricle, and an increase of hydroxyproline content in the left ventricle without a change of hydroxyproline concentrations in either ventricle. Captopril treatment further enhanced pulse pressure by decreasing diastolic blood pressure. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle, hydroxyproline content and concentration in both ventricles were unaffected by captopril treatment. It is concluded that ACE inhibition did not reverse the left ventricular hypertrophy developed as a result of overload induced by aortic insufficiency. We suggest that mechanisms different from activation of the renin-angiotensin system may play a decisive role in the maintenance of hypertrophy in this particular model of volume hemodynamic overload., F. Šimko, V. Pelouch, J. Kyselovic., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) is a new tridentate Fe-chelating agent that should be very promising in many pathological states resulting from both an iron-overload and formation of free radicals. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of PIH on the cardiovascular system focusing to the regulatory protein - cardiac troponin T (cTnT). The study was carried out in two groups of Chinchilla male rabbits: 1) PIH (50 mg/kg dissolved in 10 % Cremophor i.p., once a week, 10 administrations, n=8) and 2) Cremophor (2 ml/kg i.p. in the same schedule, n=7). Plasma concentrations of cTnT (as a marker of myocardial damage) were measured using a commercial kit (Roche). cTnT was within the physiological range (i.e. < 0.1 mg/l) during the whole experiment in the Cremophor group. In the PIH group, the cTnT levels were not significantly increased when compared with the control group or with the initial values (except with those before the 5th administration). Furthermore, we analyzed the cytosolic and myofibrillar fraction of cTnT in the left ventricular myocardium. Using SDS-PAGE and Western blot we resolved three isoforms. The profiling of TnT did not differ significantly between the PIH-treated group and the Cremophor-treated group. Our data concerning cTnT support the opinion that the possible cardiotoxicity of PIH is very low., M. Adamcová, J. Macháčková, V. Geršl, V. Pelouch, T. Šimůnek, I. Klimtová, R. Hrdina, P. Poňka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_The question was addressed of how nitric oxide synthase (NO synthase) inhibition-induced hypertension in rat parents would affect the cardiovascular system in their offsprings. Two experimental groups were set up: Group I - offsprings of parents who had both been administered NO synthase inhibitor L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME 40 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks, the treatment of dams continued till week 12. Group II - offsprings fed by dams administered L-NAME after delivery only for a period of 4 weeks. Control age-matched offsprings formed the third group. Blood pressure and heart rate in parents and in 3-week-old offsprings were determined noninvasively. In the offsprings, body and heart weight were measured and the heart/body weight ratio (HW/BW) was calculated. The NO synthase activity, and also ornithine decarboxylase activity as a marker of polyamine production, were determined in the heart. The acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aortic rings was also followed. A marked blood pressure increase with a tendency to a decreased heart rate was found in the offsprings of Group I. A significant decrease in heart weight and body weight with a decreased HW/BW ratio indicated cardiac hypotrophy that contrasted with the decrease in NO synthase activity and increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity in the heart. Noteworthy was also the finding of completely preserved relaxation of the aorta to acetylcholine. Offsprings of Group II were similarly characterized by significantly higher blood pressure, a tendency to decreased heart rate, a decrease in heart weight, but not of the HW/BW ratio. The contrasting findings of heart weight decrease on the one hand and NO synthase activity decrease and ornithine decarboxylase increase on the other, were also found in this group. Full relaxation of the aorta to acetylcholine was preserved., a2_It can be concluded that remarkable alterations in the cardiovascular system were found in offsprings of hypertensive NO compromised parents., M. Gerová, I. Bernátová, J. Török, M. Juráni., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Publikace vychází z údajů získaných v rámci Celopopulační studie užívání návykových látek a postojů k němu v ČR v r. 2008. Studie proběhla pod záštitou Národního monitorovacího střediska pro drogy a závislosti (součást Úřadu vlády České republiky) a ve spolupráci s tehdejším Centrem adiktologie 1. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze (nyní Klinika adiktologie 1. LF UK) a Lékařským informačn, [autoři Vendula Běláčková ... et al.], and Obsahuje bibliografii
This study is dedicated to the role of Czech musicians in the shaping of the modern musical culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The discontinuity of development there is a consequence of the countrys complicated political history after centuries under Ottoman rule, its annexation by Austria-Hungary (1878) was a major turning point for all spheres of society. Bosnian-Herzegovinian musical culture was also shaped by the influence of West-European music and of musicians from Europe, among whom the Czechs were the most numerous. On the basis of extensive archival research and work with literature, the author provides a comprehensive overview of their amateur and professional activities, paying attention in particular to musicians in military orchestras, and she also investigates their work in the areas of pedagogy, composition, and folkloristics., Fatima Hadžić., Obsahuje seznam literatury, and Anglické resumé na s. 143.
Changes in extracellular space (ECS) diffusion parameters, DC potentials and extracellular potassium concentration were studied during single and repeated cortical spreading depressions (SD) in 13-15 (P13-15), 21 (P21) and 90-day-old (adult) Wistar rats. The real-time iontophoretic method using tetramethylammonium (TMA+)-selective microelectrodes was employed to measure three ECS parameters in the somatosensory cortex: the ECS volume fraction α (α = ECS volume/total tissue volume), ECS tortuosity λ (increase in diffusion path length) and the nonspecific TMA+ uptake k’. SD was elicited by needle prick. SD was significantly longer at P13-15 than at P21 and in adults. During SD, α in all age groups decreased from 0.21-0.23 to 0.05-0.09; λ increased from 1.55-1.65 to 1.95-2.07. Ten minutes after SD, α (in adults) and λ (all age groups) increased compared to controls. This increase persisted even 1 hour after SD. When SD was repeated at 1 hour intervals, both α and λ showed a gradual cumulative increase with SD repetition. Our study also shows that cortical SD is, as early as P13, accompanied by severe ECS shrinkage and increased diffusion path length (tortuosity) with values similar to adults, followed by a long-lasting increase in ECS volume and tortuosity when compared to pre-SD values., T. Mazel, F. Richter, L. Vargová, E. Syková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The role of the cortico-tectal pathways in the processing of auditory signals was investigated by recording the click-evoked responses and extracellular multiple unit activity in the inferior colliculus (IC) after functional ablation of the auditory cortex (AC) by local intracortical application of a sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX). Click-evoked IC responses (IC-ER) and multiple unit activity in response to tone bursts were recorded with implanted electrodes in the IC of rats lightly anaesthetized with xylazine. Neural activity was recorded before and after the application of TTX into the ipsilateral auditory cortex (AC) through three implanted cannulas in a total dose of 30 ng. The functional status of the AC was monitored by recording click-evoked middle latency responses from a ball electrode implanted on the AC. During inactivation of the AC, IC-ER amplitudes were either increased (48 % of the cases), decreased (32 % of the cases) or not evidently changed (20 % of the cases). Corresponding effects were observed in the firing rate of IC neurons. Functional ablation of the AC also resulted in a significant prolongation of the latencies of individual waves of the IC-ER. However, the discharge pattern of the multiple unit responses, response thresholds and tuning were not altered during AC inactivation. IC neural activity recovered within several hours, and maximally during 2 days. The results reveal principles of the interaction of cortico-tectal pathways with IC neuronal activity., F. C. Nwabueze-Ogbo, J. Popelář, J. Syka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of this study was to assess the molecular basis of renal Na,K-ATPase disturbances in response to NO-deficient hypertension induced in rats by NO-synthase inhibition with 40 mg/kg/day NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for four weeks. After 4-week administration of L-NAME, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased by 30 %. Three weeks after terminating the treatment, SBP recovered to control value. When activating the Na,K-ATPase with its substrate ATP, a 36 % increase in Km and 29 % decrease in Vmax values were observed in NO-deficient rats. During activation with Na+, the Vmax was decreased by 20 % and the KNa was increased by 111 %, indicating a profound decrease in the affinity of the Na+-binding site in NO-deficient rats. After spontaneous recovery from hypertension, the Vmax remained at the level as in hypertension for both types of enzyme activation. However, in the presence of lower concentrations of substrate which are of physiological relevance an improvement of the enzyme activity was observed as documented by return of Km for ATP to control value. The KNa value for Na+ was decreased by 27 % as compared to hypertension, but still exceeded the corresponding value in the control group by 55 % thus resulting in a partial restoration of Na+ affinity of Na,K-ATPase which was depressed as a consequence of NO-dependent hypertension., N. Vrbjar, V. Javorková, O. Pecháňová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
zusammengestellt von F. Pohl ... [et al.] ; herausgegeben vom Heimatkunde-Ausschuss des Freien
Lehrervereines des politischen Bezirkes Tetschen and Tištěno frakturou
Erythromycin has a well-known dual effect on the contractility of the gastrointestinal system and recently has also been shown to inhibit contractions of the rat myometrium. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of clarithromycin on oxytocin, prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) and KCl-induced contractions of human myometrium in vitro. Myometrial strips were obtained from pregnant women undergoing elective Cesarean section and the strips were suspended in a jacketed organ bath filled with Krebs solution at 37 oC (pH 7.4) and continuously aired with 95 % oxygen and 5 % carbon dioxide. Isometric contractions were measured using a force displacement transducer. Oxytocin, PGF2a, KCl and clarithromycin were applied to the tissue bath and the amplitude and frequency of contractions were evaluated at 20-min intervals. Freidmann analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon Rank tests were used for statistical analysis of the data. Clarithromycin dose dependently inhibited the amplitude of contractions independent of the stimulus. Pre-treatment with apamin prevented clarithromycin-induced effects on amplitude and frequency of contractions. We conclude that the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin may have a direct inhibitory effect on contractions of human myometrium., H. Celik, A. Ayar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Previously, the changes in phagocyte functions such as adherence, chemotaxis or TNFa production were found to be associated with oxidative stress in endotoxin-induced septic shock. However, in this type of oxidative stress the lymphocyte involvement has rarely been studied. In the present report, we analyzed the above functions in peritoneal lymphocytes from male and female BALB/c mice with a lethal endotoxic shock caused by intraperitoneal injection of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 mg/kg), male and female Swiss mice with lethal endotoxic shock caused by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (150 and 250 mg/kg, respectively) or non-lethal endotoxic shock (100 mg/kg). In peritoneal lymphocytes obtained at 0, 2, 4, 12 or 24 h after LPS injection, the first two functions of these cells in the immune response, i.e. adherence to tissues and directed migration (chemotaxis), were studied. At 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h after LPS injection, TNFa released by lymphocytes was also analyzed. The results show that endotoxic shock increases the adherence and TNFa release, and decreases the chemotaxis of peritoneal lymphocytes. These changes were more significant in mice with lethal than with non-lethal endotoxic shock, a fact that confirms the important role of lymphocytes during endotoxic shock., V. M. Víctor, D. Rubio, M. De la Fuente., and Obsahuje bibliografii
31P MR spectroscopy was used to measure the signal intensity ratios of high-energy metabolites for the calculation of free cytosolic magnesium concentration [fMg2+] and pH in the calf muscles of patients with primary juvenile hypertension and of healthy controls. Surface coil and spectroscopic imaging techniques were used. In patients with hypertension, the concentrations of [fMg2+] was 788±33 mmol/l and intracellular pH was 7.05±0.02; these values were not significantly different from the results obtained in healthy controls ([fMg2+], 776±21 mmol/l and pH, 7.06±0.01). Biochemical assays of magnesium in the serum (S-Mg) and in urine (DU-Mg) confirmed this finding. Significant differences in the relative signal intensities of high-energy phosphates between patients with primary juvenile hypertension and healthy controls were observed: a) signal intensity ratios of PCr/Pi, PCr/PbATP, PDE/PbATP were increased, and b) Pi/PDe, Pi/PATP were decreased. The results were the same irrespective of whether the surface coil method or 31P spectroscopic imaging were employed., M. Hájek, D. Palyzová, M. Kořínek, D. Kurková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the heart have been shown to display agonist-independent spontaneous (constitutive) activity which causes changes in the opening of cardiac ion channels and in the activity of G proteins. We investigated whether an inhibition of the constitutive activity of muscarinic receptors induced by the binding of antagonist brings about a change in the synthesis of cyclic AMP in rat cardiac membranes, and whether the action of the antagonist is stereospecific. Atropine and S-(-)-hyoscyamine were indeed found to enhance the forskolin-stimulated synthesis of cyclic AMP in rat cardiac (both atrial and ventricular) membranes by up to 24%. The effect was stereospecific and the potency of R-(+)-hyoscyamine was 30 fold lower than that of the S-(-) enantiomer, confirming that the action of hyoscyamine is receptor-mediated. The effect did not depend on the presence of endogenous acetylcholine in the system used. The results strongly suggest that the adenylyl cyclase in the heart is exposed to continuous mild inhibition by constitutively active muscarinic receptors in the membranes of cardiomyocytes., J. Říčný, F. Gualtieri, S. Tuček., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A rise in baseline cytosolic free Ca2+ in canine vascular endothelial-like cells (VEC) lining the luminal surface of the polyester arterial prosthesis is described. In one, three and six month implantation experiments we employed six adult mongrel dogs, polyester arterial prostheses Arteknit Ra K, fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fura-2 and digital imaging microscopy to study cytosolic free Ca2+ in cultured VEC. The electron microscopy scanning of the luminal surface in different regions of the graft were also performed. A rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ in the VEC lining the luminal surface of the prosthesis is probably the result of the immunologic reaction and mechanical stress which stimulate the proliferation activity of the endothelial cells. It seems that the baseline cytosolic free Ca2+ reflects the course of the endothelization process on the polyester arterial prosthesis., P. Ondruš, R. Alberty, P. Pothier, V. Echavé, J. Poisson, G. Bkaily., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A theoretical model is presented, which attempts to account for the evaluation of complex stimuli in terms of their constituent elements that are relevant to the intent of the assessment. The subjective evaluation of a compound stimulus is postulated to be a function of the number, weight and integrity of critical components, or sub-qualities, and their interactions. The model has application to the evaluation of any stimulus complex including works of “art”. For illustrative purpose, it will here be applied to the analysis of pictorial works of art., J. P. Huston., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECA) have been detected by flow cytometry analysis in 23 out of 80 patients with connective tissue diseases. Ten out of 19 serum samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were positive. These antibodies were not detectable in healthy donors. We examined the capacity of serum samples to induce endothelial cell activation by modulating cell adhesion molecule expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We found that sera from both AECA-positive and AECA-negative patient groups induced a significantly higher expression of E-selectin compared to healthy controls (P<0.05). There were no differences in the ICAM-1 on VCAM-1 expression. Our data suggest that increased E-selectin expression in activated endothelium in patients with various connective tissue disorders is not related to the production of AECA., M. Horváthová, E. Jahnová, Š. Nyulassy., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The diaries of the Bohemian nobleman Johann Nepomuk Chotek (1773-1824) are an important new source for the history of music in Prague. In particular, they describe 17 concerts given by the Society of Musicians between 1804 and 1822 in the Estates Theater. The programmes of seven concerts were previously unknown. Chotek not only gives accurate dates for the performances, but also names the pieces and performers, thus supplementing the information in Michaela Freemanová‘s 2003 article on this society. As a trained music connoisseur, Chotek also critiques the orchestra and singers, judges the music, and describes the reaction of the public., Rita Steblin., and České resumé na s. 61, anglický abstrakt na s. 47.
Zweites Supplement zum zweiten Theile, Das Wesen der Elektrizität, des Galvanismus und Magnetismus, von Hermann Scheffler., KČSN, Mit 3 Figurentafeln, and Přívazek k : Wärme und Elastizität / Hermann Scheffler
bearbeitet von Gustav Simon, Nad názvem: Die Kriegsereignisse zwischen Teplitz und Pirna im August und September des Jahres
1813, Obsahuje biblliografické odkazy a rejstřík, Tištěno frakturou, and Převazba ULG001:3148040621
Studie Tomáše Slavického se zabývá kancionálem "Jesličky, staré a nové písničky" od českého barokního básníka a duchovního Fridricha Bridelia a zasazením jeho repertoáru do kontextu evropské tvorby duchovních písní., The songbook Jesličky (1658) has tended to be cited primarily as an example of direct contacts between Czech and German hymnography of the 17th century. Opening the door to consideration of a broader context was the presence of certain tunes in Latin-Slovak and Latin-Croatian printed material as well. An entire set of identical tunes has subsequently been confirmed in Latin, German, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, and Croatian hymnography. The situation outlined above has thus shifted the original issue – the “new” songs printed in Jesličky are not just a new layer of the Czech Christmas repertoire with proven German sources, but also an attempt at creating Czech versions of a supranational repertoire. The search for source models is thus growing into research surveying the new repertoire of Christmas songs that was spreading its way around Central Europe near the middle of the 17th century., Tomáš Slavický., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 415, anglický abstrakt na s. 399.
An attempt has been made to test for a reliable method of characterizing the isovolumic left ventricular pressure fall in isolated ejecting hearts by one or two time constants, tau. Alternative nonlinear regression models (three- and four-parametric exponential, logistic, and power function), based upon the common differential law dp(t)/dt = - [p(t)-Ptau]/ tau(t) are compared in isolated ejecting rat, guinea pig, and ferret hearts. Intraventricular pressure fall data are taken from an isovolumic standard interval and from a subinterval of the latter, determined data-dependently by a statistical procedure. Extending the three-parametric exponential fitting function to four-parametric models reduces regression errors by about 20-30 %. No remarkable advantage of a particular four-parametric model over the other was revealed. Enhanced relaxation, induced by isoprenaline, is more sensitively indicated by the asymptotic logistic time constant than by the usual exponential. If early and late parts of the isovolumic pressure fall are discarded by selecting a subinterval of the isovolumic phase, ? remains fairly constant in that central pressure fall region. Physiological considerations point to the logistic model as an advantageous method to cover lusitropic changes by an early and a late tau. Alternatively, identifying a central isovolumic relaxation interval facilitates the calculation of a single ("central") tau; there is no statistical justification in this case to extend the three-parametric exponential further to reduce regression errors., S. F. J. Langer,., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Nearly all epileptic seizures in patients are characterized by deranged consciousness. We started to study changes in motivated behavior (drinking in thirsty rats) as a possible analogue of compromised consciousness during and after epileptic seizures. Epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) were elicited by stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus and/or thalamus. Rats with implanted electrodes (deprived of water for 24 hours) were trained to lick water from a narrow tube. After pretraining ADs were elicited eight times in each animal and access to water was allowed during different phases of the AD. Stimulation did not affect licking if no AD was induced. If stimulation was successful, licking was stopped in nearly 70 % of stimulations and modified (biting the tube) in 30 %. Hippocampal ADs (characterized by serrated waves in the EEG and by an arrest of behavior with subsequent automatisms) completely blocked licking, signs of recovery appeared during the interval between the AD and recurrent AD and it progressed during recurrent ADs. Thalamic ADs abolished licking in 82% of cases and immediately after ADs normal licking reappeared in 49 % of these observations. Our results suggest that changes in motivated behavior might serve as an analogue of compromised human consciousness., P. Mareš, L. Chocholová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Předkládaná studie se věnuje specifikům dětské výpovědi. Mapuje možné zdroje její nespolehlivosti (nízká schopnost zapamatovat si a vybavit si události, vysoká sugestibilita, snadnost vzniku falešných vzpomínek, neporozumění pro procesy a interakce v okolí, možnost záměrného lhaní). Jsou uvedeny některé postupy, které mohou pomoci zkvalitnit, nebo naopak znehodnotit informace, podané dítětem. Schopnost dítěte porozumět své vlastní motivaci, prožívání a chování, stejně tak jako chování a prožívání jiných lidí je často zpochybňována. Ukazuje se však, že dětský úhel pohledu na události, které zažívá, a na sociální interakce, kterým je vystaveno, je obohacující. Přináší smysluplné informace, je jedinečný a přispívá jak k pochopení prožívání a chování dítěte a jeho aktuálních potíží, tak ke hlubšímu porozumění rodinným vztahům a jiným skutečnostem., The present study maps the possible sources of unreliability of child,s testimony (lower ability to remember and recall events, high suggestibility, easier formation of false memories, misunderstanding of the processes and interactions in surroundings, probability of deliberate lying) as well as its potential benefits in research and counselling practices. There are some procedures that can help improve or conversely depreciate information given by child. Child,s ability to understand their own motivation, experience and behaviour as well as behaviour and feelings of others are often questioned. But despite all mentioned risks, child,s testimony is very useful not only in judicial proceedings in which the child may be the only witness to the events but also in psychological research and counselling. It turns out that a child is more sensitive to some aspects of family life (conflicts) than an adult and gives even more accurate information than its parents. Child,s view of family life is important for understanding its behaviour and experience., Xenie Uholyeva., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This study examines the life and performing artistry of the pianist Barbara Kozeluchova (1781-1821), daughter of Johann Anton Kozeluch (1738-1814), an important Prague composer and choir director at the Cathedral of St Vitus. On the basis of period reports in the Bohemian and foreign press, it also discusses her performances at the Estates Theatre. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the theatre building also served the function of a concert hall where leading Bohemian and foreign performers appeared., Ludmila Mikulášová., Obsahuje seznam literatury, and Německé resumé na s. 69, anglický abstrakt na s. 63.
The aim of this study was to ascertain the persistence of heart rate and blood pressure oscillations at the onset of voluntary apnea in humans and to assess the dependence of the fluctuations` parameters on the chemoreceptor activity. In 24 young subjects (10 males, 14 females, mean age 20.4 years) heart rate (represented by its reciprocal value - RR-intervals), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during controlled breathing (CB) of atmospheric air and oxygen followed by apnea were recorded continuously. The cosine functions were then fitted by nonlinear regression analysis to the heart rate, SBP and DBP oscillations during CB and at the onset of apnea. The parameters of oscillations were different during atmospheric air breathing compared to oxygen breathing. During oxygen breathing there was an increase of the RR-interval oscillations - relative bradycardia and enhanced magnitude of respiratory sinus arythmia. During apnea, the base level of the blood pressure oscillations was higher after breathing of atmospheric air compared o oxygen breathing. At least one cosine-like wave oscillation was present at the onset of apnea in the heart rate, SBP and DBP and the second wave was present in all assessed parameters in at least 70 % of recordings. The oscillations in RR-intervals are, to some extent, independent of blood pressure oscillations. No significant gender differences were found either in the duration of breath holding or in the RR and SBP oscillations parameters., M. Javorka, I. Žila, K. Javorka, A. Čalkovská., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We investigated the potential role of magnesium (Mg) dysbalance in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR) in patients with mildly-to-moderately decreased renal function (creatinine: 142.8±11.0 mmol/l). The data were compared to those of 8 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (CTRL). The standard oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) was performed in 61 patients. Twenty-two patients were classified as IR according to their values on fasting and after-load immunoreactive insulin concentrations. Serum and total erythrocyte Mg (tErMg) (atomic absorption spectro-photometry) and free erythrocyte Mg (fErMg) concentrations (31P NMR spectroscopy) were determined prior to and two hours after the glucose load. Ten out of 39 insulin-sensitive (IS) patients, but only one out of 22 insulin-resistant (IR) patients, had a low basal fErMg concentration (<162.2 mmol/l, c2, p<0.01). IR patients had higher serum Mg, total erythrocyte Mg and bound erythrocyte Mg (bErMg) concentrations (both before and after glucose load) when compared with the IS group. Both groups responded to the glucose load with a significant decrease in serum Mg concentration (within the normal range), while the IR group also exhibited a decline in tErMg and bErMg. The mean sum of insulin needed to metabolize the same glucose load correlated positively with tErMg (r=0.545, p<0.01) and bErMg (r=0.560, p<0.01) in the IR patients. It is concluded that, at an early stage of renal dysfunction, IR is not associated with the decline in free erythrocyte Mg concentration, but the magnesium handling in red blood cells is altered., K. Šebeková, K. Štefíková, D. Polakovičová, V. Spustová, R. Dzúrik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Anticonvulsant action of vigabatrin (300, 600, 900 and/or 1200 mg/kg i.p.), an inhibitor of GABA-transaminase, was studied in a model of motor sezures elicited by pentylenetetrazol. Five age groups of rats (7, 12, 18, 25 and 90 days old) received a s.c. injection of pentylenetetrazol 4, 6 and/or 24 hours after vigabatrin administration. The incidence of minimal, predominantly clonic seizures was not changed in any age group, but their latencies were prolonged in 18- and 25-day-old rats. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were influenced in a more complex manner. Incidence of these seizures was decreased in 7-day-old rat pups 24 hours after vigabatrin administration. Higher doses of vigabatrin exhibited a similar effect in adult rats at all intervals studied. Specific suppression or at least restriction of the tonic phase was observed in all groups of immature rats, the effect was more marked 24 hours after vigabatrin than at shorter intervals. The anticonvulsant action of vigabatrin, which could be demonstrated mainly against generalized tonic-clonic seizures, varies markedly during development., R. Haugvicová, H. Kubová, P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This study was designed to validate the measures of heart period variability for assessing of autonomic nervous system control in calves. Eight calves received an injection of either 0.5 mg/kg atenolol (sympathetic tone blockade), 0.2 mg/kg atropine sulfate (parasympathetic tone blockade), 0.5 mg/kg atenolol + 0.2 mg/kg atropine sulfate (double autonomic blockade) or saline. In the time-domain, we calculated the mean instantaneous heart rate (HR), mean of RR intervals (MeanRR), standard deviation of RR intervals (SDRR) and that of the difference between adjacent intervals (RMSSD). In the frequency-domain, the power of the spectral band 0-1 Hz (TPW), the power of the 0-0.15 Hz band (LF), that of the 0.15-1 Hz band (HF), and the LF/HF ratio were considered. The net vago-sympathetic effect (VSE) was calculated as the ratio of MeanRR in a defined situation to MeanRR during the double blockade. Atenolol injection had no effect on cardiac activity, whereas atropine induced large modifications which were moderated when atenolol was administered at the same time. VSE, HR, MeanRR and RMSSD were found to be valid indicators of the parasympathetic tone of calves because of large variations due to the drug and low individual variations. No measure reflected the sympathetic tone., G. Després, I. Veissier, A. Boissy., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_The effect of different muscle shortening velocity was studied during cycling at a pedalling rate of 60 and 120 rev.min-1 on the [K+]v in 21 healthy young men (aged 22.5±2.2 years, body mass 72.7±6.4 kg, VO2max 3.720±0.426 l . min-1) performing an incremental exercise test until exhaustion. The power output increased by 30 W every 3 min, using an electrically controlled ergometer Ergoline 800S (see Zoladz et al. J. Physiol. 488: 211-217, 1995). The test was performed twice: once at a cycling frequency of 60 rev.min-1 (test A) and a few days later at frequency of 120 rev.min-1 (test B). At rest and at the end of each step (i.e. the last 15 s) antecubital venous blood samples for [K+]v were taken. Gas exchange variables were measured continuously (breath-by-breath) using Oxycon Champion Jaeger. The pre-exercise [K+]v in both tests was not significantly different amounting to 4.24±0.36 mmol.l-1 in test A, and 4.37±0.45 mmol.l-1 in test B. However, the [K+]v during cycling at 120 rev.min-1 was significantly higher (p<0.001, ANOVA for repeated measurements) at each power output when compared to cycling at 60 rev.min-1. The maximal power output reached 293±31 W in test A which was significantly higher (p<0.001) than in test B, which amounted to 223±40 W. The VO2max values in both tests reached 3.720±0.426 l.min-1 vs 3.777±0.514 l.min-1. These values were not significantly different. When the [K+]v was measured during incremental cycling exercise, a linear increase in [K+]v was observed in both tests. However, a significant (p<0.05) upward shift in the [K+]v and a % VO2max relationship was detected during cycling at 120 rev.min-1. The [K+]v measured at the VO2max level in tests A and B amounted to 6.00±0.47 mmol.l-1 vs 6.04±0.41 mmol.l-1, respectively., a2_This difference was not significant. It can thus be concluded that a) generation of the same external mechanical power output during cycling at a pedaling rate of 120 rev.min-1 causes significantly higher [K+]v changes than when cycling at 60 rev.min-1, b) the increase of venous plasma potassium concentration during dynamic incremental exercise is linearly related to the metabolic cost of work expressed by the percentage of VO2max (increase as reported previously by Vollestad et al. J. Physiol. Lond. 475: 359-368, 1994), c) there is a tendency towards upward shift in the [K+]v and % VO2max relation during cycling at 120 rev.min-1 when compared to cycling at 60 rev.min-1., J. A. Zoladz, K. Duda, J. Majerczak, P. Thor., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Experimental hypothermia caused extensive changes in the number of both classes of insulin receptors in different rat tissues. In the liver, the number of high affinity insulin receptors (HAIRs) decreased by 50 % (from 25.3 to 12.6 fmol/mg membrane protein), whereas number of low affinity insulin receptors (LAIRs) was almost unchanged in comparison to normothermic animals (5.63 and 4.39 pmol/mg, respectively). In the adipose tissue, number of both classes was reduced - HAIRs by 81 % (from 24.0 to 4.50 fmol/mg) and LAIRs by 92 % (from 16.0 to 1.29 pmol/mg). In the skeletal muscle, capacity of HAIRs was not changed (16.2 and 19.3 fmol/mg in normo- and hypothermic animals, respectively), whereas number of LAIRs increased by 150 % (from 6.65 to 16.6 pmol/mg). Hypothermic rats also showed lower amount (by 85 %) of LAIRs in the heart muscle (9.37 and 1.43 pmol/mg in control and experimental animals, respectively). Simultaneously, no significant changes were found in HAIRs (16.3 and 11.9 fmol/mg, respectively) and LAIRs (4.43 and 3.88 pmol/mg, respectively) in the brain. These differences in insulin receptors responses to hypothermia may reflect different physiological role of insulin in the regulation of target cell metabolism and/or the differences in tissue distribution of the insulin receptor isoforms., T. Torlinska, M. Perz, E. Madry, T. Hryniewiecki, K. W. Nowak, P. Mackowiak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The effects of liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE/MLV, radioprotective immunomodulator; 10 mg/kg) and indomethacin (INDO, inhibitor of prostaglandin production; 2 mg/kg) on post-irradiation recovery of hematopoietic functions in mice were investigated. Two agents with distinct radioprotective mechanisms were administered alone or in combination 24 h and 3 h before exposure to 7 Gy 60Co radiation. In the post-irradiation period (3-14 days) combined pre-treatment of mice accelerated recovery of bone marrow cellularity, weight of spleen and myelopoietic and erythropoietic activity in both hematopoietic organs, compared to treatment with MTP-PE/MLV or indomethacin alone. In the peripheral blood, improved radioprotective effects of combined drug administration were found in the recovery of reticulocytes and platelet count. No further significant differences in the recovery of leukocyte count were observed in the examined groups until post-irradiation day 14. Within the first 3-6 post-irradiation days, the bone marrow and peripheral blood smears of mice pre-treated with indomethacin alone or its combination with MTP-PE/MLV more frequently featured blast cells and large cells with abundant cytoplasm which could be considered the hematopoietic stem cells., N. O. Macková, P. Fedoročko., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The present investigation was directed to study the effect of in vitro or ex vivo NO donors, sodium nitroprusside and molsidomine, using isolated sliced adipose tissue or in the form of immobilized and perfused adipocytes on the basal and isoprenaline-stimulated lipolysis. The results demonstrated that 1) in vitro application of sodium nitroprusside to perfused adipocytes or molsidomine to sliced adipose tissues affects isoprenaline-induced lipolysis in two ways, an increase in lipolysis at low isoprenaline concentrations (which means the sensitization of adipose tissues to adrenergic effect by NO) and decreased adrenergic agonist-stimulated lipolysis at higher concentration of isoprenaline (a decrease in the maximum lipolytic effect of isoprenaline), 2) low concentrations of molsidomine alone induced lipolysis from adipose tissue which attained more than 60 % of that by isoprenaline (pD2 value for molsidomine = 11.2, while pD2 for isoprenaline = 8.17) while sodium nitroprusside did not affect the basal lipolysis significantly, 3) in vivo administration of molsidomine for 2 days reduced the maximum lipolytic effect of isoprenaline and (only non-significantly) increased the sensitivity to low doses of isoprenaline. In conclusion the present data demonstrate that NO plays an important role in adrenergic lipolysis in adipose tissues and further investigations are needed to unravel the exact role of NO in lipolysis., D. Lincová, D. Mišeková, E. Kmoníčková, N. Canová, H. Farghali., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Benzodiazepines seem to be frequently abused in conjunction with opioids. Fluoxetine was reported to block morphine locomotor sensitization in rats. Sensitization has been implicated in some aspects of drug abuse. We have investigated the effect of alprazolam (0.25 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) on the development and expression of sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effect of morphine (10 mg/kg) in mice. Sensitization was produced by daily injections of morphine (10 mg/kg) for 10 days. There was a clear sensitization of locomotor activity produced by morphine in photocell activity cages but co-administration of alprazolam with morphine had no effect on the degree of sensitization. Alprazolam was also without effect on the expression of the sensitized response to morphine in mice sensitized with morphine alone. Fluoxetine partly reduced both the development and expression of morphine sensitization. In conclusion, the present experiments have not yielded evidence that alprazolam may influence the development or the expression of sensitization to morphine. However, they have corroborated and extended results indicating that fluoxetine can attenuate, to a certain level, the development and expression of morphine sensitization., M. Votava, M. Kršiak, V. Moravec., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The relationships between exercise and metabolites as well as between exercise and sarcoplasmic reticulum function were studied in gastrocnemius muscle of ovariectomized-trained rats. Prolonged moderate-intensity exercise, treadmill up-hill run for 90 min with a 10° incline, decreased the muscle glycogen content. Exercise until exhaustion further lowered the glycogen concentration to 13 % of the control, together with a significant decrease of ATP and glucose-6-phosphate concentrations. Also, Ag+-induced Ca2+release, measured in whole muscle homogenate, showed a 30 % reduction on exhaustion, while Ca2+ uptake was unaffected by this exercise. ATPase activities, of both homogenate and SR vesicles, and Ca2+ transport in the latter preparation were not altered on exhaustion. It could be concluded from these results that muscular fatigue in ovariectomized rats after aerobic exercise is caused by the change in energy supply and Ca2+ release from the SR, this latter possibly due to metabolites generated by the exercise., I. Gigli, L. E. Bussmann., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Toxic influence of high oxygen concentration on pulmonary function and structures has been known for many years. However, the influence of high oxygen concentration breathing on defensive respiratory reflexes is still not clear. In our previous experiments, we found an inhibitory effect of 100 % oxygen breathing on cough reflex intensity in healthy guinea pigs. The present study was designed to detect the effects of hyperoxia on cough reflex in guinea pigs with allergic airway inflammation. In the first phase of our experiment, the animals were sensitized with ovalbumin. Thirty-two sensitized animals were used in two separate experiments according to oxygen concentration breathing: 100 % or 50 % oxygen for 60 h continuously. In each experiment, one group of animals was exposed to hyperoxia, another to ambient air. The cough reflex was induced both by aerosol of citric acid before sensitization, then in sensitized animals at 24 h and 60 h of exposition to oxygen/air in awake animals, and by mechanical stimulation of airway mucosa in anesthetized animals just after the end of the experiment. In contrast to 50 % oxygen, 100 % oxygen breathing leads to significant decrease in chemically induced cough in guinea pigs with allergic inflammation. No significant changes were present in cough induced by mechanical stimulation of airways., M. Brozmanová, J. Hanáček, M. Tatár, A. Strapková, P. Szépe., and Obsahuje bibliografii
An increased risk of myocardial ischemic changes was demonstrated in patients suffering from panic disorder (PD). Using classical ECG methods, this risk cannot be evaluated in most patients. We measured the vectocardiogram (VCG) using Frank orthogonal leads and body surface maps (BSM) including 12-lead ECG. In our study of 11 PD patients (2 men, 9 women), without any seizures and pharmacological treatment and without cardiovascular symptoms, we found marked sinus tachycardia (heart rate 90.1±12.2 min-1) and a shorter R-R interval (678±93.6 ms) than in 27 controls (heart rate 73.6±7.7min-1, R-R 822.7±86.4 ms) (5 men, 22 women) (p<0.001). The VCG measured spatial QRS-STT angle was more opened (70.3±24.5°) than in the control group (49.5±19.5°) (p<0.05). The maximum (extremum) in depolarization (DIAM max 30, 40) and repolarization (RIAM max 35) of body surface isoarea and isointegral (RIIM max) maps was less positive (p<0.001) and the minimum (DIAM min 40) was less negative than in the controls (p<0.05) even in the period free of a panic attack. Our results showed the changes in the heart electric field parameters occurred in PD patients when compared to the control group., K. Pišvejcová, I. Paclt, J. Slavíček, O. Kittnar, A. Dohnalová, E. Kitzlerová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We investigated how selected electromorphological parameters of myelinated axons influence the preservation of interspike intervals when the propagation of action potentials is corrupted by axonal intrinsic noise. Hereby we tried to determine how the intrinsic axonal noise influences the performance of axons serving as carriers for temporal coding. The strategy of this coding supposes that interspike intervals presented to higher order neurons would minimally be deprived of information included in interspike intervals at the axonal initial segment. Our experiments were conducted using a computer model of the myelinated axon constructed in a software environment GENESIS (GEneral NEural SImulation System). We varied the axonal diameter, myelin sheath thickness, axonal length, stimulation current and channel distribution to determine how these parameters influence the role of noise in spike propagation and hence in preserving the interspike intervals. Our results, expressed as the standard deviation of spike travel times, showed that by stimulating the axons with regular rectangular pulses the interspike intervals were preserved with a microsecond accuracy. Stimulating the axons with pulses imitating postsynaptic currents, greater changes of interspike intervals were found, but the influence of implemented noise on the jitter of interspike intervals was approximately the same., E. Kuriščák, S. Trojan, Z. Wünsch., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Escherichia coli (2x104 bacteria) of the non-pathogenic O86 strain or enteropathogenic O55 strain were administered into the pig amniotic cavity at 79 to 86 days of gestation for six or ten hours. Translocation of bacteria into fetal lungs was confirmed by cultivation as well as by light and electron microscopy. Infection caused an influx of macrophages that were immunostained in cryostat sections by monoclonal antibody recognizing calprotectin., I. Šplíchal, I. Trebichavský, A. Šplíchalová, L. Dítětová, M. Zahradníčková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article presents a manuscript collection of texts of evangelical provenance that has recently been purchased in a German second-hand bookshop. According to a chronogram, this manuscript is likely to come from 1840. The manuscript consists of fifteen relatively independent text sections thematically related to the denominational controversies before and after the battle of White Mountain. The paper examines possible printed or manuscript models of individual parts and as well as their reflection in both earlier and more recent bibliographic literature. and David Mach.
Výzkumná zpráva podrobně shrnuje výsledky české části mezinárodního projektu ESPAD realizovaného v r. 2007. Hlavním cílem této zprávy bylo podat přehled o situaci v České republice, pokud jde o rozsah kouření, pití alkoholu a užívání nelegálních drog v populaci dospívající mládeže a porovnat ji se situací v ostatních evropských zemích. V roce 2007 se do čtvrté vlny (první vlna 1995) projektu ESPAD, [autoři Ladislav Csémy, Pavla Chomynová, Petr Sadílek], and Obsahuje bibliografii
Cieľom štúdie je analyzovať a prezentovať integrovaný obraz o faktoroch, ktoré podmieňujú a ovplyvňujú finančné voľby jednotlivcov v súčasnosti. Autorka najskôr charakterizuje súčasné spoločenské prostredie, v ktorom obyčajní ľudia uskutočňujú svoje finančné rozhodnutia. Potom sa venuje limitovaným kapacitám osoby zvládať finančné rozhodnutia. Nakoniec uvádza problematiku finančných úloh, ktorým jednotlivci musia v súčasnosti čeliť. Dôraz pritom kladie na možnosti dizajnovania úloh finančného rozhodovania tak, aby viac zodpovedali kognitívnym a osobnostným kapacitám jednotlivcov a optimalizovali ich rozhodnutia. Na záver autorka konštatuje, že súčasná ekonomická veda pociťuje potrebu psychologického vhľadu do ekonomického diania. Potreba vypracovať ucelenú psychologickú teóriu ekonomického správania (vrátane finančného rozhodovania jednotlivcov) sa stáva vysoko aktuálnou., The goal of the study is to analyze and present the integrated picture of factors conditioning and influencing the financial choices of individuals in the present. At first, the author characterizes the present social milieu, in which the common people realize their financial decisions. Thereafter, she deals with the limited capacities of an individual to manage financial decisions. In the end, she presents the problems of financial tasks, which the individuals have to face today. The emphasis is given on the possibilities of designing the financial decision making tasks in the way more corresponding to cognitive and personality capacities of individuals and optimizing their decisions. In the conclusion, the author states that the contemporary economic science experiences the need of psychological insight into the economic affairs. The need of elaboration the comprehensive psychological theory of economic behavior (including individual financial decision making) becomes the front burner., Viera Bačová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Stať analyzuje Freudovu méně známou práci Projekt vědecké psychologie a pokouší se ukázat, že v kontextu jeho psychoanalytických prací se jedná o zcela ojedinělý počin. Freudův Projekt je především snahou založit teorii lidské mysli, jež by měla empirickou oporu v neurofyziologii (psychofyzice), která v té době dominovala vědeckému výzkumu, a mohla vysvětlit elementární klinické poznatky. Stať představuje základní principy takto pojaté neurofyziologie mysli, rozlišuje tři funkčně odlišné typy neuronů, resp. neuronových sítí a soustřeďuje se na Freudovo chápání pojmu vědomí na úrovni neurofyziologického výkladu. Cílem je ukázat, že Freudův přístup k teorii vědomí anticipuje některé pozdější neurovědecké poznatky, připomíná hledání neurofyziologických korelátů vědomí, má některé charakteristiky emergentismu a někteří současní, zvláště neuropsychoanalyticky orientovaní autoři, nacházejí v tezích Projektu řadu styčných bodů se současným neurovědeckým výzkumem., The paper analyzes Freud's little-known manuscript Project for a Scientific Psychology and attempts to show that in the context of his psychoanalytic issues the Project is completely unique piece. Freud's aim here is to establish a theory of human mind, which would be empirically supported by neurophysiology (psychophysics) prevailing in the scientific research at that time and could explain the fundamental clinical knowledge. First the basic principles of his concept of neurophysiology of mind are introduced, three functionally distinct types of neurons and neuronal networks distinguished, and then Freud's understanding of the concept of consciousness at the level of neurophysiological interpretation is articulated. The aim is to show that Freud's approach to the theory of consciousness anticipates some of the later neuroscientific knowledge. It reminds us a quest for neurophysiological correlates of consciousness and has some characteristics of emergentism. Some contemporary, especially neuropsychoanalytically minded authors find in the theses of the Project number of points common to the current neuroscientific research., Michal Polák., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
There are conflicting results concerning the receptor subtype(s) involved in calcium-mediated endothelin signaling in the glial cells. In order to elucidate the role of endothelin A and B receptors in these processes, we have studied the effect of a complex spectrum of endothelin receptor ligands on intracellular calcium concentration changes in proliferating and differentiated C6 rat glioma cells. Cell differentiation was induced by dibutyryl-cAMP and assessed by the glial fibrillar acidic protein content. Intracellular calcium changes were measured in cell suspensions using fluorescent probe Fura-2. The specific endothelin B receptor agonists sarafotoxin S6c and IRL-1620 did not influence the intracellular calcium concentration. However, calcium changes induced by endothelin-1 and especially by endothelin-3 after the pretreatment of cells with one of these endothelin B receptor specific agonists were significantly enhanced even above the values attained by the highest effective endothelin concentrations alone. Such endothelin B-receptor ligand-induced sensitization of calcium signaling was not observed in differentiated C6 cells. Moreover, endothelin-induced calcium oscillations in differentiated C6 cells were less inhibited by BQ-123 and BQ-788 than in their proliferating counterparts. In conclusion, the specific activation of endothelin B receptor in C6 rat glioma cells does not affect intracellular calcium per se, but probably does so through interaction with the endothelin A receptor. The pattern and/or functional parameters of endothelin receptors in C6 rat glioma cells are modified by cell differentiation., R. Malík, K. Vlašicová, A. Šedo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Studie Jany Perutkové se zabývá provedením opery "Giulio Cesare in Egitto" od hudebního skladatele Georga Friedricha Händela v divadle U Korutanské brány v císařském hlavním městě Vídni a též širší recepci Händelovy hudby v habsburském soustátí v uvedeném časovém období., The goal of the study is to present certain Händel sources that are unknown or have not yet been researched and to investigate the connection of those sources with the capital city of the Habsburg Monarchy, Vienna. At the center of attention is a performance of a pasticcio of Giulio Cesare in Egitto at the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna (Kärntnertortheater) in 1731. The study introduces the printed libretto, which has heretofore been regarded as lost, as well as the score of the work that L. Bennett first brought to light. The rediscovery of the libretto has made possible the comparison of these two sources. Also brought to attention is a copy of a collection of arias from this pasticcio that is held in Bratislava. There is furthermore presentation of certain possibilities regarding the identity of the probable compiler of the pasticcio, the composer Francesco Rinaldi, whose three extant operas premiered in Vienna date from the years 1730–1732. Reference is made in the study to the increased interest in Händel’s works in Vienna around the year 1730, and in connection therewith, reference is also made to a Viennese copy of his opera Admeto, which is kept in Meiningen. The study also asserts that at least one of the scores of Händel’s Agrippina held in the Musiksammlung der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek had been the property of Count Johann Adam von Questenberg., Jana Perutková., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 121, anglický abstarkt na s. 95.
Single unit recordings were made from the motor cortex of conscious cats with glass micropipettes that allowed ionophoretic application of 0.5 M glutamate in 2 M NaCl or 0.5 M ACPD (1S,3R-1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, a mGluR agonist) in 2 M NaCl. Activity in response to a 70 dB click (1 ms rectangular pulse to loudspeaker) was studied before, during, and immediately after applying each agent locally as a paired US (90 nA current 570 ms after click for 300 ms in combination with glabella tap). A 70 dB hiss sound was presented 4.4 sec after the click as a discriminative stimulus (DS). CS and DS were presented 10 times initially (adaptation); then CS, US plus tap, and DS (approximately 10 times as conditioning); and then CS and DS (2-10 times to test post-conditioning). Glutamate potentiated the mean, early, 8-16 ms response to the click after conditioning (t=18.2, p<0.0001), but not the baseline activity which decreased from a mean of 17 spk/sec to 7 spk/sec (t=3.71, p<0.001). Baseline activity increased to 31 spk/sec when glutamate was applied during conditioning (t=3.30, p<0.005). ACPD reduced the intermediate, 64-72 ms response to the click after conditioning (t=8.18, p<0.0001), and potentiated the late 104-112 ms response (t=15.4, p<0.0001). Baseline activity was slightly increased after conditioning with ACPD. Saline did not potentiate the response to click. The results indicate that glutamate agonists that differ in their receptor affinities can induce different CRs when used as locally applied USs to condition neuronal responses to a click CS in the motor cortex of cats., Ch. D. Woody., and Obsahuje bibliografii
von Friedrich Grabenhorst, Pod názvem: zum hundertsten Jahresgedenktage der Ankunft Goethes zu seinem ersten Kuraufenthalte
in Teplitz (6. Aug. 1810), Tištěno frakturou, and Rozpadlá vazba ULG001:3148038753
Entstehung des politischen Bezirkes Aussig / von F.J. Umlauft -- Bergwelt und die Gewässer
/ von Heinrich Lipser -- Erdgeschichte des Bezirkes / von J.E. Hibsch -- Klimatischen Verhältnisse / von
J. Mrazek, herausgegeben vom Aussig-Karbitzer Lehrervereine, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Tištěno frakturou
unter Mitarbeit von Franz Drescher ... [et al.] ; herausgegeben vom Aussig-Karbitzer Lehrervereine
; Schriftleiter Heinrich Lipser and Tištěno frakturou
von Erhart Proschwitzer, Herausgegeben von dem Heimatkunde-Ausschuss der Bezirkslehrervereine Letmeritz, Lovositz,
Auscha, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Tištěno frakturou
Positive effects of repeated administration of diclofenac, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, in terms of prevention of tumor development and stimulation of hematopoiesis have been observed in C3H mice transplanted subcutaneously with G:5:113 fibrosarcoma cells. Fourteen-day treatment with diclofenac (3.75 mg/kg/day) started from day 5 after tumor cell transplantation. Measurements of tumors and hematological examinations were performed on day 30. The results strongly suggest the possibility that inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) may be used in oncological practice where the observed effects are highly desirable., M. Hofer, Z. Hoferová, P. Fedoročko, N. O. Macková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The use of reversible lesion techniques in memory research was pioneered in the laboratory of Jan Bureš and Olga Burešova. We use the occasion of Jan’s 75th birthday to briefly review the experimental utility of this approach. Two experiments from our current research are reported in which reversible lesioning methods are used to ask otherwise experimentally untenable questions about memory retrieval. The first experiment used intra-hippocampal injections of tetrodotoxin to temporarily inactivate the hippocampus during retrieval of a well-learned place avoidance navigation memory. This revealed that the hippocampus is necessary for place avoidance retrieval but that the extinction of place avoidance can occur independently of retrieving the memory and intact hippocampal function. The second experiment used KCl-induced cortical spreading depression in an interhippocampal transfer paradigm to demonstrate that a Y-maze memory that is learned by only one cortical hemisphere can be made to transfer to the other hemisphere by forcing the rat to swim, a unique stressful experience that occurred in a different apparatus, different behavioral context, and involved different behaviors than the Y-maze training. This demonstrates, we believe for the first time behaviorally, that memories can be activated outside of the behavioral context of their acquisition and expression in rats., K. Ježek, M. Wesierska, A. A. Fenton., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This review-study aims to present a critical exposition of the ground-breaking work in the study of secularisation, Charles Taylor's Secular Age. The study points to the links with Taylor's preceding work, Sources of the Self, which consist above all in the contrast between the porous self and the buffered self. It also presents Taylor's conception of secularisation: secularisation is not the retreat of religion from the public sphere, but the widening of the social process that makes it impossible for one world-view to make claim to a privileged status. The study also focuses on Taylor's rejection of modernity which, in the shape of a scientistic world-view and a universalistic morality understood as the hegemony of exclusively-human categories. In the context of this rejection, the article discusses Taylor's attempt to weaken the "hegemony of the human" by a relation to transcendence., Tereza Matějčková., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
Studie Petry Kolátorové se zabývá osobností hobojisty Arnošta (Ernsta) Königa (1838-1915), významného hudebníka pražského hudebního života druhé poloviny 19. století., This contribution maps the activity of Arnošt König (1838–1915), an oboist of German origin, primarily in Prague’s musical life at the time. During the years 1870–1913, A. König was the professor of oboe at the Prague Conservatory, and from 1876 he was an oboist at the Prague Provisional Theatre and then at the National Theatre. Reviews and articles from the period show what an exceptional musician he was, as he earned recognition even beyond Bohemia. Many mentions praising him in the press have been preserved in connection with the difficulty for performers of Dvořák’s Serenade in D Minor, op. 44, in which A. König excelled repeatedly. It can be documented at least twice from Dvořák’s extant correspondence that performances elsewhere of the Serenade were cancelled because of its difficulty. Together with the aforementioned reviews, this fact shows that in Prague Antonín Dvořák (and others) had exceptional conditions for musical performances., Petra Kolátorová., Rubrika: Studie, and Anglické resumé na s. 287, anglický abstrakt 267.
a1_Záměry. Cílem studie bylo: (a) analyzovat účinek dvou nezávisle proměnných (profesních orientací založených na modelu RIASEC a pohlaví) na skóry v inventáři NEO-FFI a v sebeposuzovacích dotaznících doménově specifické kreativity (K-DOCS a CAQ); (b) verifikovat šest hypotéz, stanovených na základě dřívějších výzkumů; (c) zjistit vnitřní konzistenci českého překladu Kaufmanovy škály doménově specifické kreativity; d) s pomocí EFA analyzovat faktorovou strukturu českého překladu K-DOCS a srovnat ho s originální verzí. Soubor a procedura. Výzkumný soubor sestával z 950 studentů většinou z Palackého univerzity v Olomouci. Ženy tvořily 75 % souboru. Studenti vyplňovali dotazníky pomocí webové aplikace, speciálně připravené pro tento výzkum. Statistická analýza. K odhadu vnitřní konzistence české verze K-DOCS autoři použili Cronbachovo alfa. Pětifaktorová struktura K-DOCS byla ověřována pomocí EFA. Účinek profesních zájmů a pohlaví na závisle proměnné autoři zjišťovali pomocí MANOVY, ANOVY a Tukeyho testu. Výsledky. EFA podpořila předpoklad, že český překlad K-DOCS má podobnou pětifaktorovou strukturu jako originální verze dotazníku. Studenti s uměleckými zájmy skórovali signifikantně výše na škále neuroticismu než investigativní, sociální a podnikavé typy. Skupina I-STEM skórovala výše než ostatní typy ve škále mechanické/ vědecké kreativity K-DOCS a níže ve škále každodenní/osobní tvořivosti. Umělecké typy získaly vyšší skóry než investigativní a podnikavé typy ve škálách výkonové kreativity, hudby a tvůrčího psaní CAQ. Studentky skórovaly ve škálách každodenní/osobní a umělecké kreativity K-DOCS výše než studenti. Muži měli vyšší skór než ženy ve škálách mechanické/vědecké a učenecké tvořivosti K-DOCS., a2_Skórovali také výše než ženy ve škálách humoru, vynálezectví a vědy CAQ. Omezení studie. Studie byla uskutečněna na moravských univerzitách. Ve výzkumném souboru byl větší počet žen (75 %) než mužů. Data byla získána prostřednictvím webové aplikace. Efekt realistických a konvenčních zájmů na závisle proměnné nebyl zkoumán., b1_Objectives. The study was aimed: (a) to analyse the effect of two independent variables (professional orientation grounded in the RIASEC model, and sex) on the NEO-FFI scores and the self-report questionnaires of domain-specific creativity (K-DOCS and CAQ); (b) to verify six hypotheses based on previous research; (c) to find out the internal consistency of Czech translation of the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale; (d) to analyse the factor structure of Czech translation of the K-DOCS using EFA, and to compare it with the original version of the questionnaire. Sample and setting. The research sample consisted of 950 students mostly from Palacký University in Olomouc. Women comprised 75% of the sample. Participants filled in inventories using web application specifically prepared for the research. Statistical analysis. Cronbach’s alfa was used as an estimate of the internal consistency of Czech version of the K-DOCS. Its five-factor structure was verified using EFA. The effects of vocational interests and sex on the dependent variables were explored by MANOVA, ANOVA, and Tukey’s test. Results. EFA supported preposition that Czech translation of the K-DOCS has similar five factor structure as its original version. Students with the artistic vocational interests are significantly higher on neuroticism than the innovative, social and enterprising ones. I-STEM types scored higher than other groups on the K-DOCS scale of Mechanical/Science, and lower on the scale of Self/Everyday. The artistic types were higher than other groups on the CAQ domains of Performance, Music and Creative writing. Female students scored higher than male ones on the K-DOCS scales of Self/Everyday and Artistic creativity. Men were higher than women on the K-DOCS scales of Mechanical/Science, and Scholarly. They also scored higher than women on the CAQ scales of Humor, Invention, and Science., b2_Study limitation. The study was realised at Moravian universities. In a research sample, there was greater proportion of women (75%) than men. Data were collected using web application. Effect of the realistic and conventional vocational interests on dependent variables was not examined., Alena Plháková, Daniel Dostál, Tereza Záškodná., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This study is dedicated to a collection of compositions titled Hudební album (A Musical Album), volumes of which were issued in print from 1891 until 1896 by the Prague publisher Fr. A. Urbanek. The collection focused primarily on piano compositions by contemporary Bohemian composers. The first part of the study is devoted principally to the contents of the collection and to the circumstances of its publishing, then the second part examines the printing of compositions by A. Dvořák (All through the night a bird will sing from the song cycle Evening Songs, op. 31, Furiant, op. 12/2, and Dumka, op. 12/1) in Hudební album in versions that differ from the first editions published by Fr. A. Urbanek. This fact has not yet been researched by Dvořák scholars., Helena Matějčková., and Anglické resumé na s. 333.
a1_Hlavním cílem výzkumu byla verifikace symbolické asymetrie spontánních a sociálně sdílených reprezentací rodových kategorií v hodnotící dimenzi českého kulturního kontextu. 223 pregraduálních studentů (117 mužů a 106 žen, M = 20.5 let) bylo požádáno, aby volně asociovali na pojmy člověk, muž a žena (v náhodném pořadí) a každý z nich zhodnotili. Hypotézy: 1. Autoři očekávali větší překryv pojmů muž a člověk než mezi pojmy žena a člověk: a) z hlediska valence použitých pojmů; b) v dimenzi aktivita-souznění. 2. Očekávali celkově příznivější hodnocení pojmu žena než muž. 3. Očekávali také větší heterogenitu pojmu muž ve srovnání s pojmem žena, pokud jde o celkový počet různých slov asociovaných s těmito pojmy. Postupně byly provedeny dvě analýzy: celkové valence slov asociovaných s každým pojmem a analýza kategorií specificky zaměřená na hodnocení rozsahu, v němž se odpovědi na pojmy vztahovaly k dimenzi sebeprosazení vs. vztahovost. V první analýze jednorozměrnou ANOVA byly předložené pojmy (člověk vs. muž vs. žena) a pohlaví účastníků (žena vs. muž) považovány za proměnné rozlišující mezi účastníky. V druhé analýze pomocí smíšené ANOVA byly počet asociovaných slov vztahujících se k předloženému pojmu (člověk vs. muž vs. žena) a pohlaví účastníků (žena vs. muž) považovány za proměnné rozlišující mezi účastníky a atributy (aktivita vs. vztahovost) za vnitřní proměnné účastníků. Všechny hypotézy byly podpořeny daty. Výsledky svědčí o tom, že čeští mluvčí spontánně považují muže za rod vyšší úrovně. Globálněji studie podporuje myšlenku rodové symbolické asymetrie: rodové kategorie se neliší jenom ve svém obsahu, statutu nebo síle, ale také ve své hierarchické kognitivní organizaci., a2_Maskulinitě je připisována symbolická nadřazenost nad feminitou. Aby bylo možné zobecnit výsledky i mimo studentskou populaci, další výzkumy by měly získat data o širší dospělé populaci., b1_The main objective of the research was to verify the symbolic asymmetry in spontaneous and socially shared representations of gender categories, also on the evaluative dimension in the Czech cultural context. Two hundred and twenty-three undergraduate students (117 males and 106 females, M = 20.5 years old) were asked to freely produce their associations on primes Human, Man and Woman (in randomized order) and to evaluate each of them. Hypotheses. 1. Authors expected a stronger overlap between primes Man and Human than between Woman and Human: a) in overall valence of primes; b) on agency-communion dimensions. 2. They expected overall a more favorable evaluation of Woman than Man. 3. They also expected a greater heterogeneity for Man in comparison with Woman in terms of total number of different words associated with primes. Two sets of analyses were subsequently carried out; the overall valence of words associated with each prime and a categorical analysis specifically targeted at evaluating the extent to which responses to the primes pertained to communion vs. agency. For the former an univariate ANOVA was conducted considering prime (Human vs. Man vs. Woman) and sex of participant (Female vs. Male participant) as between-participants variables. For the latter, a mixed ANOVA was performed on the number of associated words considering prime (Human vs. Man vs. Woman) and sex of participant (Female vs. Male participant) as between-participants variables and attributes (Agency vs. Communion) as a within-participants variable. All hypotheses were supported. The results strongly suggest that Czech speakers spontaneously consider Man a higher-level gender. More globally, the study supports the idea of gendersymbolic asymmetry: gender categories do not differ only in their content, status or power, but also in their hierarchical cognitive organizations., b2_ Masculinity holds ascribed symbolic superiority over femininity. In order to generalize the results beyond students, future studies should access the more general adult working populations., Adriana Wyrobkova, Pascal Gygax, Petr Macek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
To determine whether changes in partial pressure of CO2 participate in mechanism enlarging the lung functional residual capacity (FRC) during chronic hypoxia, we measured FRC and ventilation in rats exposed either to poikilocapnic (group H, FIO2 0.1, FICO2 <0.01) or hypercapnic (group H+CO2, FIO2 0.1, FICO2 0.04-0.05) hypoxia for the three weeks and in the controls (group C) breathing air. At the end of exposure a body plethysmograph was used to measure ventilatory parameters (V´E, fR, VT) and FRC during air breathing and acute hypoxia (10 % O2 in N2). The exposure to hypoxia for three weeks increased FRC measured during air breathing in both experimental groups (H: 3.0±0.1 ml, H+CO2: 3.1±0.2 ml, C: 1.8±0.2 ml). During the following acute hypoxia, we observed a significant increase of FRC in the controls (3.2±0.2 ml) and in both experimental groups (H: 3.5±0.2 ml, H+CO2: 3.6±0.2 ml). Because chronic hypoxia combined with chronic hypercapnia and chronic poikilocapnic hypoxia induced the same increase of FRC, we conclude that hypercapnia did not participate in the FRC enlargement during chronic hypoxia., H. Maxová, M. Vízek., and Obsahuje bibliografii